Литература

1. Alenazy A., Eltayeb A., Alotaibi M.K., Anwar M.K., Mulafikh N., Aladmawi M. et al. Diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse: much more than simple prolapse: multimodality approach to risk stratification and therapeutic management. J. Clin. Med. 2022; 11: 455. DOI: 10.3390/ jcm11020455
2. Sabbag А., Essayagh B., Barrera J., Basso C., Berni A., Cosyns B. et al. EHRA expert consensus statement on arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse and mitral annular disjunction complex in collaboration with the ESC Council on Valvular Heart Disease and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society, by the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, and by the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society. Europace. 2022; 24 (12): 1981–2003. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac125
3. Kulkarni A.A., Chudgar P.D., Burkule N.J., Kamat N.V. Mitral annulus disjunction and arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse: emerging role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the workup. Indian J. Radiol. Imaging. 2022; 32 (4): 576–581. DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1754357
4. Tsianaka T., Matziris I., Kobe A., Euler A., Kuzo N., Erhart L. et al. Mitral annular disjunction in patients with severe aortic stenosis: Extent and reproducibility of measurements with computed tomography. Eur. J. Radiol. Open. 2021; 8: 100335. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2021.100335
5. Gilbert B.W., Schatz R.A., VonRamm O.T., Behar V.S., Kisslo J.A. Mitral valve prolapse. Two-dimensional echocardiographic and angiographic correlation. Circulation. 1976; 4 (5): 716–723. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.54.5.716
6. Zhu L., Chua Y.L. Mitral annular disjunction: clinical implications and surgical considerations. Cardiol. Res. 2023; 14 (6): 421–428. DOI: 10.14740/cr1584
7. Nagata Y., Bertrand P.B., Levine R.A. Malignant mitral valve prolapse: risk and prevention of sudden cardiac death. Curr. Treat. Options Cardiovasc. Med. 2022; 24 (5): 61–86. DOI: 10.1007/s11936-022-00956-3
8. Wu S., Siegel R.J. Mitral annular disjunction: A case series and review of the literature. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2022; 9: 976066. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.976066
9. Toh H., Mori S., Izawa Y., Fujita H., Miwa K., Suzuki M. et al. Prevalence and extent of mitral annular disjunction in structurally normal hearts: Comprehensive 3D analysis using cardiac computed tomography. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2021; 22: 614–622. DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab022
10. Basso C., Iliceto S., Thiene G., Perazzolo Marra M. Mitral valve prolapse, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death. Circulation. 2019; 140: 952–964. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034075
11. Morningstar J.E., Gensemer C., Moore R., Fulmer D., Beck T.C., Wang C. et al. Mitral valve prolapse induces regionalized myocardial fibrosis. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2021; 10: e022332. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.121.022332
12. Lee J.-H., Uhm J.-S., Suh Y.J., Kim M., Kim I.-S., Jin M.-N. et al. Usefulness of cardiac magnetic resonance images for prediction of sudden cardiac arrest in patients with mitral valve prolapse: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. 2021; 21: 546. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02362-2
13. Chakrabarti A.K., Bogun F., Liang J.J. Arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse and mitral annular disjunction: clinical features, pathophysiology, risk stratification, and management. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2022; 9 (2): 61. DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9020061
14. Eriksson M.J., Bitkover C.Y., Omran A.S., David T.E., Ivanov J., Ali M.J. et al. Mitral annular disjunction in advanced myxomatous mitral valve disease: echocardiographic detection and surgical correction. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2005; (10) 5: 1014–1022. DOI: 10.1016/j. echo.2005.06.013
15. Lee A.P., Jin C.N., Fan Y., Wong R.H.L., Underwood M.J., Wan S. Functional implication of mitral annular disjunction in mitral valve prolapse: a quantitative dynamic 3d echocardiographic study. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2017; 10 (12): 1424–1433. DOI: 10.1016/j. jcmg.2016.11.022
16. Konda T., Tani T., Suganuma N., Nakamura H., Sumida T., Fujii Y. et al. The analysis of mitral annular disjunction detected by echocardiography and comparison with previously reported pathological data. J. Echocardiogr. 2017; 15 (4): 176–185. DOI: 10.1007/s12574-017-0349-1
17. Gulati A., Gulati V., Hu R., Rajiah P.S., Stojanovska J., Febbo J. et al. Mitral annular disjunction: review of an increasingly recognized mitral valve entity. Radiol. Cardiothorac. Imaging. 2023; 5 (6): e230131. DOI: 10.1148/ryct.230131
18. Mantegazza V., Volpato V., Gripari P., Ghulam Ali S., Fusini L., Italiano G. et al. Multimodality imaging assessment of mitral annular disjunction in mitral valve prolapse. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2021; 107 (1): 25–32. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317330
19. Bennett S., Tafuro J., Brumpton M., Bardolia C., Heatlie G., Duckett S. et al. Echocardiographic description and outcomes in a heterogeneous cohort of patients undergoing mitral valve surgery with and without mitral annular disjunction: a health service evaluation. Echo Res. Pract. 2022; 9 (1): 4. DOI: 10.1186/s44156-022-00004-7
20. Apostolou F., Ioannides M., Mitsis A., Koutsofti C., Deltas C., Avraamides P. Case report: Aborted sudden cardiac death as a first presentation of severe mitral annulus disjunction – a case series and review of the literature. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2023; 10: 1171226. DOI: 10.3389/ fcvm.2023.1171226
21. Essayagh B., Mantovani F., Benfari G., Maalouf J.F., Mankad S., Thapa P. et al. Mitral annular disjunction of degenerative mitral regurgitation: three-dimensional evaluation and implications for mitral repair. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2022; 35 (2): 165–175. DOI: 10.1016/j. echo.2021.09.004
22. Wunderlich N.C., Ho S.Y., Flint N., Siegel R.J. Myxomatous mitral valve disease with mitral valve prolapse and mitral annular disjunction: clinical and functional significance of the coincidence. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2021; 8 (2): 9. DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020009
23. Karagodin I., Singh A., Lang R.M. Pathoanatomy of mitral regurgitation. Struct. Heart. 2020; 4 (4): 254–263. DOI: 10.1080/24748706.2020.1765055
24. Ignatowski D., Schweitzer M., Pesek K., Jain R., Muthukumar L., Khandheria B.K. et al. Pickelhaube spike, a high-risk marker for bileaflet myxomatous mitral valve prolapse: sonographer's quest for the highest spike. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2020; 33: 639–640. DOI: 10.1016/j. echo.2020.02.004
25. Muthukumar L., Rahman F., Jan M.F., Shaikh A., Kalvin L., Dhala A. et al. The Pickelhaube sign: novel echocardiographic risk marker for malignant mitral valve prolapse syndrome. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2017; 10: 1078–1080. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.09.016
26. Wang T.K.M., Kwon D.H., Abou-Hassan O., Chetrit M., Harb S.C., Patel D. et al. Strain evaluation for mitral annular disjunction by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging: a case-control study. Int. J. Cardiol. 2021; 334: 154–156. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.04.052
27. Vahanian A., Beyersdorf F., Praz F., Milojevic M., Baldus S., Bauersachs J. et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur. Heart J. 2022; 43: 561–632. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab395
28. Golukhova E.Z., Bulaeva N.I., Alexandrova S.A., Mrikaev D.V., Gromova O.I., Ruzina E.V., Berdibekov B.S. The extent of late gadolinium enhancement predicts mortality, sudden death and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with nonischaemic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Radiol. 2023; 78 (4): e342–49. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.12.015
29. Бердибеков Б.Ш., Александрова С.А., Голухова Е.З. Количественная оценка миокардиального фиброза с применением магнитно- резонансной томографии с отсроченным контрастированием при некоронаро-генных желудочковых аритмиях. Креативная кардиология. 2021; 15 (3): 342–353. DOI: 10.24022/1997-3187-2021-15-3-342-353
30. Vermes E., Altes A., Iacuzio L., Levy F., Bohbot Y., Renard C. et al. The evolving role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the assessment of mitral valve prolapse. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2023; 10: 1093060. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1093060
31. Трошин Д.С., Аверина И.И., Александрова С.А., Марченко Д.С., Донаканян С.А. Фиброз миокарда – защитный механизм или основная причина неблагоприятных исходов? Креативная кардиология. 2023; 17 (4): 464–473. D OI: 10.24022/1997-3187-2023-17-4-464-473
32. Pavon A.G., Arangalage D., Pascale P., Hugelshofer S., Rutz T., Porretta A.P. et al. Myocardial extracellular volume by T1 mapping: A new marker of arrhythmia in mitral valve prolapse. J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson. 2021; 23: 102. DOI: 10.1186/s12968-021-00797-2
33. Miller M.A., Adams D.H., Pandis D., Robson P.M., Pawale A., Pyzik R. et al. Hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse. JAMA Cardiol. 2020; 5: 1000–1005. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1555
34. Aabel E.W., Chivulescu M., Lie Ø.H., Hopp E., Gjertsen E., Ribe M. et al. Ventricular arrhythmias in arrhythmic mitral valve syndrome – a prospective continuous long-term cardiac monitoring study. Europace. 2023; 25(2): 506–516. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac182
35. Kubala M., Essayagh B., Michelena H.I., Enriquez-Sarano M., Tribouilloy C. Arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse in 2023: Evidence-based update. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2023; 10: 1130174. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1130174
36. Zeppenfeld K., Tfelt-Hansen J., de Riva M., Winkel B.G., Behr E.R., Blom N.A. et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur. Heart J. 2022; 43 (40); 3997– 4126. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262
37. Сергуладзе С.Ю., Проничева И.В. Результаты и ограничения катетерной аблации желудочковой тахикардии при неишемической кардиомиопатии: эндокардиальный, эпикардиальный и интрамуральный подходы. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания. Бюллетень НЦССХ им. А.Н. Бакулева РАМН. 2021; 22 (2): 139–150. DOI: 10.24022/1810-0694-2021-22-2-139-150
38. Benito-González T., Freixa X., Godino C., Taramasso M., Estévez-Loureiro R., Hernandez-Vaquero D. et al. Ventricular arrhythmias in patients with functional mitral regurgitation and implantable cardiac devices: implications of mitral valve repair with Mitraclip®. Ann. Transl. Med. 2020; 8: 956. DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.45
39. Ledwoch J., Nommensen A., Keelani A., Meyer-Saraei R., Stiermaier T., Saad M. et al. Impact of transcatheter mitral valve repair on ventricular arrhythmias. Europace. 2019; 21: 1385–1391. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz061
40. Сигаев И.Ю., Керен М.А. Показания, критерии, выбор метода реваскуляризации миокарда: данные европейских и российских клинических рекомендаций. Креативная кардиология. 2018; 12 (2): 167–176. DOI: 10.24022/1997-3187-2018-12-2-167-176
41. Базылев В.В., Тунгусов Д.С., Микуляк А.И., Сенжапов И.Я., Белик А.О., Гаранян Д.Н. Отдаленные результаты аппроксимации папиллярных мышц у пациентов с выраженной сердечной недостаточностью вследствие ишемической митральной регургитации. Грудная и сердечно-сосудистая хирургия. 2023; 65 (2): 182–190. DOI: 10.24022/0236-2791-2023-65-2-182-190

Об авторах

• Рыжова Таисия Станиславовна, ординатор; ORCID
• Хоцанян Чинара Врежиковна, канд. мед. наук, врач-кардиолог; ORCID