Спонтанный тромболизис у больных с острым инфарктом миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST
Авторы:
Организация:
Кафедра кардиологии ФПДО Московского государственного медико-стоматологического университета
Для корреспонденции: Сведения доступны для зарегистрированных пользователей.
Тип статьи: Острый коронарный синдром
Ключевые слова:
Скачать (Download)
Аннотация
Несмотря на появление реперфузионной терапии (тромболизиса и экстренной ангиопластики), летальность от острого инфаркта миокарда в настоящее время остается высокой, составляя в развитых странах около 5-7%. В 17-32% случаев при остром инфаркте миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST наблюдается спонтанное открытие инфарктсвязанной артерии, что значительно улучшает прогноз и снижает летальность в данной группе пациентов. В настоящей статье рассмотрены патогенез, способы диагностики, предрасполагающие факторы и дальнейшая тактика ведения больных со спонатанным восстановлением кровотока в инфарктсвязанной артерии.Литература
1. Алекян Б. Г., Бузиашвили Ю. И., Голухова Е. З. и др. Стентирование коронарных артерий у боль- ных ишемической болезнью сердца в сочета- нии с сахарным диабетом // Руководство по рентгеноэндоваскулярной хирургии сердца и сосудов / Под ред. Л. А. Бокерия, Б. Г. Алекяна. Т. 3. М., 2008. С. 349.2. Augustin H., Kozian D., Johason R. Differentiation of endothelial cells: analysis of the constitutive and activated endothelial cell phenotypes // Bioessays. 1994. Vol. 16. P. 901–906.
3. Bainey K. R., Fu Y., Granger C. B. Benefit of angiographic spontaneous reperfusion in STEMI: does it extend to diabetic patients? // Heart. 2009. Vol. 16. P. 1331–1336.
4. Bainey K. R., Fu Y., Wagner G. S. et al. Spontaneous reperfusion in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Comparison of angiographic and electrocardiographic assessments // Am. Heart J. 2008. Vol. 156, № 2. P. 248–255.
5. Bonetti P., Lerman L., Lerman A. et al. Endothelial dysfunction: a marker of atherosclerotic risk // Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2003. Vol. 23. P. 168–175.
6. Brodie B., Stuckey T., Wall T. et al. Importance of time to reperfusion for 30-day and late survival and recovery of left ventricular function after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998. Vol. 32. P. 1312–1319.
7. Christian T. F., Milavetz J. J., Miller T. D. et al. Prevalence of spontaneous reperfusion and associated myocardial salvage in patients with acute myocardial infarction // Am. Heart J. 1998. Vol. 135. P. 421–427.
8. Collen D. The plasminogen (fibrinolytic) system // Thromb. Haemost. 1999. Vol. 82. P. 259–270.
9. Davi G., Catalano I., Averna M. et al. Thromboxane biosynthesis and platelet function in type II diabetes mellitus // N. Engl. J. Med. 1990. Vol. 322. P. 1769–1774.
10. Deanfield J., Halcox J., Rabelink T. Endothelial function and dysfunction // Circulation. 2007. Vol. 115. P. 1285–1295.
11. De Lemos J. A., Braunwald E. ST segment resolution as a tool for assessing the efficacy of reperfusion therapy // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2001. Vol. 38. P. 1283–1294.
12. De Wood M., Spores J., Hensley G. et al. Coronary arteriographic findings in acute transmural myocardial infarction // Circulation. 1983. Vol. 68. P. I39–I49.
13. Emeris J., van den Eijnden-Schrauwen Y., van den Hoogen C. et al. An endothelial storage granule for tissue-type plasminogen activator // J. Cell. Biol. 1997. Vol. 139. P. 245–256.
14. Fever P., Hod H., Hammerman H. et al. Relation of clinically defined spontaneous reperfusion to outcome in ST-elevation myocardial infarction // Am. J. Cardiol. 2009. Vol. 103. P. 149–153.
15. Fuster V., Fayad Z., Badimon J. Acute coronary syndromes: biology // Lancet. 1999. Vol. 353. Suppl. 2. P. S115–S119.
16. Gray R. P., Patterson D. L., Yudkin J. S. Plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in diabetic and nondiabetic survivors of myocardial infarction // Arterioscler. Thromb. 1993. Vol. 13. P. 415–420.
17. Guidelines on myocardial revascularization / The Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, W. Wijns, Ph. Kolh, N. Danchin et al. // Eur. Heart J. 2010. Vol. 31. P. 2501–2555.
18. Hackworthy R. A., Vogel M. B., Harris P. J. Effect of spontaneous reperfusion on myocardial infarct size // Clin. Cardiol. 1987. Vol. 10. P. 168–174.
19. Hata K., Whittaker P., Kloner R. A. et al. Brief antecedent ischemia attenuates platelet-mediated thrombosis in damaged and stenotic canine coronary arteries: role of adenosine // Circulation. 1998. Vol. 97. P. 692–702.
20. Ishihara M., Inoue I., Kawagoe T. et al. Impact of spontaneous anterograde flow of the infarct artery on left ventricular function in patients with a first anterior wall acute myocardial infarction // Am. J. Cardiol. 2002. Vol. 90. P. 5–9.
21. Lee C. W., Hong M. K., Lee J. H. et al. Determinants and prognostic significance of spontaneous coronary recanalization in acute myocardial infarction // Am. J. Cardiol. 2001. Vol. 87. P. 951–954.
22. Libby P., Theroux P. Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease // Circulation. 2005. Vol. 111. P. 3481–3488.
23. Luscher T., Barton M. Biology of the endothelium // Clin. Cardiol. 1997. Vol. 20. Suppl II. P. II3–II10.
24. Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with persistent ST-segment elevation / The Task Force on the management of STsegment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. F. Van de Werf, J. Bax, A. Betriu et al. // Eur. Heart J. 2008. Vol. 28. P. 2909–2945.
25. Naghavi M., Libby P., Falk E. et al. From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part I // Circulation. 2003. Vol. 108. P. 1664–1672.
26. Newby D. E., Wright R. A., Dawson P. et al. The L-argininernitric oxide pathway contributes to the acute release of tissue plasminogen activator in vivo in man // Cardiovasc. Res. 1998. Vol. 38. P. 485–492.
27. Regieli J. J., Jukema J. W., Nathoe H. M. et al. Coronary collaterals improve prognosis in patients with ischemic heart disease // Int. J. Cardiol. 2009. Vol. 132, № 2. P. 257–262.
28. Rernandez-ortiz A., Badimon J., Falk E. et al. Characterization of the relative thrombogenicity of atherosclerotic plaque contents: implications for consequences of plaque rupture // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1994. Vol. 23. P. 1562–1569.
29. Rimar D., Crystal E., Battler A. et al. Improved prognosis of patients presenting with clinical markers of spontaneous reperfusion during acute myocardial infarction // Heart. 2002. Vol. 88. P. 352–356.
30. Simes R. J., Topol E. J., Holmes D. R., Jr et al. Link between the angiographic substudy and mortality outcomes in a large randomized trial of myocardial reperfusion. Importance of early and complete infarct artery reperfusion. GUSTO-I Investigators // Circulation. 1995. Vol. 91. P. 1923–1928.
31. Stone G. W., Cox D., Garcia E. et al. Normal flow (TIMI 3) before mechanical reperfusion therapy is an independent determinant of survival in acute myocardial infarction: analysis from the primary angioplasty in myocardial infarct trials // Circulation. 2001. Vol. 104. P. 636–641.
32. Taher T., Fu Y., Wagner G. et al. Aborted myocardial infarction in patients with ST-segment elevation: insights from the Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic Regiment-3 rial Electrocardiographis Substudy // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004. Vol. 44. P. 38–43.
33. Terkelsen C. J., Norgaard B. L., Lassen J. F. et al. Potential significance of spontaneous and interventional ST-changes in patients transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention: observations from the ST-MONitoring in Acute Myocardial- Infarction study (The MONAMI study) // Eur. Heart J. 2006. Vol. 27. P. 267–275.
34. Uriel N., Moravsky G., Blatt A. et al. Acute myocardial infarction with spontaneouse reperfusion: clinical characteristics and optimal timing for revascularization // IMAJ. 2007. Vol. 9. P. 243–246.
35. Van Hinsbergh V. W. The endothelium: vascular control of haemostasis // Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2001. Vol. 95, № 2. P. 198–201.
36. Vasilieva E., Urazovskaya I., Skrypnik D., Shpektor A. Total occlusion of the infarct-related coronary artery correlates with brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction // Acute Card. Care. 2009. Vol. 11, № 3. P. 155–159.
37. Verouden N. J., Haeck J. D., Koch K. T. et al. ST-segment resolution prior to primary percutaneous coronary intervention is a poor indicator of coronary artery patency in patients with acute myocardial infarction // Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2010. Vol. 15, № 2. P. 107–115.
38. Virmani R., Kolodgies F., Burke A. et al. lesion from sudden coronary death: a comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lesion // Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Boil. 2000. Vol. 20. P. 1262–1275.
39. Winocour P. D. Platelet abnormalities in diabetes mellitus // Diabetes. 1992. Vol. 41. Suppl. 2. P. 26–31.
40. Zijlstra F., Ernst N., de Boer M. J. et al. Influence of prehospital administration of aspirin and heparin on initial patency of the infarctrelated artery in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2002. Vol. 39. P. 1733–1737.