Естественные патофизиологические процессы старения сердца как фактор развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний
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ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. А.Н. Бакулева» (президент – академик РАН и РАМН Л.А. Бокерия) Минздрава России, Рублевское ш., 135, Москва, 121552, Российская Федерация
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Тип статьи: Обзоры литературы
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УДК: 616-092:616.1
Для цитирования: Степанова Н.М., Сергуладзе С.Ю. Естественные патофизиологические процессы старения сердца как фактор развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Креативная кардиология. 2021; 15 (1): 72–86. DOI: 10.24022/1997-3187-2021-15-1-72-86
Поступила / Принята к печати: 19.03.2021 / 26.03.2021
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Аннотация
Рост сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) напрямую ассоциирован с возрастом пациента. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания возникают как результат различных модифицируемых (образ жизни) и немодифицируемых (возраст, наследственность) факторов риска. Увеличение продолжительности жизни и доли возрастного населения в развитых странах привлекло внимание исследователей к проблеме немодифицируемых факторов риска развития ССЗ. В процессе старения происходят изменения на микрои макроскопическом уровнях сердечно-сосудистой системы, в гомеостазе кальция, регуляции адренергической и ренин-ангиотензиновой систем и работе внутриклеточных структур. Это приводит к возрастному ремоделированию миокарда, нарушению работы проводящей системы сердца, изменениям систолической и диастолической функций сердца. Структурные и функциональные изменения сосудов накапливаются в течение всей жизни человека, и, как следствие, повышается риск развития ССЗ. Средний возраст населения мира увеличивается беспрецедентными темпами, и этот факт меняет мир. «Серебряное цунами» подчеркивает необходимость повышения квалификации специалистов в области эпидемиологии и увеличения штата экспертов по изучению старения. В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются исследования механизмов патофизиологических процессов естественного старения сердца и их роль в развитии ССЗ.Литература
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