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Surgery for atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease: clinical studies and 2025 guidelines

Authors: Golukhova E.Z., Biniashvili M.B., Smyslova D.G.

Company: Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russian Federation.

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Type:  Reviews


DOI: https://doi.org/10.24022/1997-3187-2025-19-4-397-414

For citation: Golukhova E.Z., Biniashvili M.B., Smyslova D.G. Surgery for atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease: clinical studies and 2025 guidelines. Creative Cardiology. 2025; 19 (4): 397–414 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24022/1997-3187-2025-19-4-397-414

Received / Accepted:  04.08.2025 / 28.08.2025

Keywords: atrial fibrillation ischemic heart disease combined surgical ablation coronary artery bypass grafting

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Abstract

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease, while atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. The combination of IHD and AF is observed in a large number of patients. According to various data, 8–20% of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have AF prior to surgery. AF is a concomitant factor for adverse short-term and long-term prognosis, and also increases mortality in patients with IHD.

Therefore, when performing surgical revascularization, concomitant arrhythmia treatment, clinical consequences, and the selection of adequate combined methods for IHD and AF surgery should always be considered.

Studies on combined surgery for AF and IHD show that surgical AF ablation can be performed safely and effectively during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), leading to restoration of sinus rhythm after surgery and improved long-term outcomes. Nevertheless, surgical AF ablation during open cardiac surgery is performed less frequently than it should be. One reason for this is the lack of a unified opinion among specialized experts on methods for treating AF during concomitant cardiac surgery. The lack of consensus on this issue is due to the following factors: a deficiency of large, multi-center, randomized controlled trials that convincingly demonstrate the long-term benefits of restoring sinus rhythm; limited adoption of the Maze procedure during cardiac surgery that does not require atriotomy, which is explained by the opinion of many experts that the potential benefits of restoring sinus rhythm do not justify the increased complexity and associated risks of this operation; heterogeneity of approaches to surgical ablation, due to a limited understanding of the pathology, which leads to a variety of methods, tools, and surgical protocols used.

This article presents an analysis of major clinical studies on combined surgical treatment of IHD and AF and clinical recommendations as of 2025. Key topics of postoperative complication prevention, surgical isolation of the left atrial appendage, and technical aspects of performing combined operations on the beating heart and under cardiopulmonary bypass are also discussed.

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About Authors

  • Elena Z. Golukhova, Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director; ORCID
  • Mikhail B. Biniashvili, Leading Researcher, Cand. Med. Sci., Cardiovascular Surgeon, Deputy Director; ORCID
  • Daria G. Smyslova, Cardiologist, Postgraduate; ORCID

Chief Editor

Elena Z. Golukhova, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery


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