Роль изучения проксимальной зоны регургитации в количественной оценке недостаточности митрального клапана
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2. Дземешкевич С. Л., Стивенсон Д. У. Болезни митрального клапана. Функция, диагностика, лечение. - М.: Гэотар Медицина, 2000. - С. 11-109.
3. Митьков В. В., Сандрикова В. А. Клиническое руководство по ультразвуковой диагностике. Т. V. - М.: Видар, 1998. - С. 86-119.
4. Скопин И. И., Мироненко В. А., Перепилица А. А. Новый вариант хирургического воздействия при дилатационной кардиомиопатии: сближение папиллярных мышц и редукция полости левого желудочка петлей РТFЕ, аннулопластика митрального и трикуспидального клапанов // Грудная и серд.-сосуд. хир. - 2005. - № 4. - С. 65-67
5. Фейгенбаум Х. Эхокардиография. - М.: Видар, 1999. - С. 177-233.
6. Bargiggia G., Tronconi L., Sahn D. et al. A new method for quantitation of mitral regurgitation based on color flow Doppler imaging of flow convergence proximal to regurgitation orifice // Circulation. - 1991. - Vol. 84. - P. 1481-1489.
7. Baumgartner H., Schima H., Kuhn P. Value and limitatios of proximal jet dimensions for the quantitation of valvular regurgitation // Circulation. - 1993. - Vol. 87. - P. 841-848.
8. Boon N., Bloomfield P. Medical management of valve heart disease // Ibid. - 2002. - Vol. 87. - P. 395-400.
9. Breithardt O. A., Sinha A. M., Schwammenthal E. et al. Acute effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on functional mitral regurgitation in advanced systolic heart failure // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. - 2003. - Vol. 41. - P. 765-770.
10. Burwash I., Blackmore G., Koilpillari C. Usefulness of left atrial and left ventricular chambers sizes as predictors of the severity mitral regurgitation // Amer. J. Cardiol. - 1992. - Vol. 70. - P. 774-779.
11. Castello R., Lenzen P., Aguirre F. et al. Quantitation of mitral regurgitation by transesophageal echocardiography with Doppler color flow mapping: Correlation with cardiac catheterization // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. - 1992. - Vol. 19. - P. 1516-1521.
12. Chen C., Koschyk D., Brockhoff C. et al. Noninvasive estimation of regurgitation flow rate and volume in patients with mitral regurgitation by Doppler color mapping of accelerating flow field // Ibid. - 1993. - Vol. 21. -P. 374-383.
13. Eguchi K., Ohtaki E., Matsumura T. et al. Pre-operative atrial fibrillation as the key determinant of outcome mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation // Eur. Heart J. - 2005. - Vol. 26. - P. 1866-1872.
14. Enriquez-Sarano M., Miller F., Haynes S. et al. Effective mitral regurgitation orifice area: clinical use and pitfalls of the proximal isovelocity surfase area method // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. - 1995. - Vol. 25. - P. 703-709.
15. Enriquez-Sarano M., Schaff H., Frye R. L. Mitral regurgitation: what cause the leakage is fundamental to the outcome of valve repair // Circulation. - 2003. - Vol. 108. - P. 253-256.
16. Enriquez-Sarano M., Sinak L., Tajik A. et al. Changes in effective regurgitation orifice throughout systole in patients with mitral valve prolapse. A clinical study using proximal isovelocity surfase area method // Circulation. - 1995. - Vol. 92. - P. 2951-2958.
17. Giga V., Ostojic M., Vujisic-Tesic B. et al. Exerciseindused changes in mitral regurgitation in patients with prior myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction: relation to mitral deformation and left ventricular function and shape // Eur. Heart J. - 2005. - Vol. 26. - P. 1860-1865.
18. Gottdiener J. S., Panza J. A., John S. M. et al. Testing the test: the reliability of echocardiography in the sequential assessment of valvular regurgitation // Amer. Heart J. - 2002. - Vol. 144. - P. 115-121.
19. Grigioni F., Enriquez-Sarano M., Zehr K. J. et al. Ischemic mitral regurgitation: long-term outcome and prognostic implications with quantitative Doppler assessment // Circulation. - 2001. - Vol. 103. - P. 1759-1764.
20. Grossman G., Giesler M., Schmidt A. et al. Quantification of mitral regurgitation - comparison of the proximal convergence method and the jet area method // Clin. Cardiol. - 1995. - Vol. 18. - P. 512-518.
21. Hall S., Brickner E., Willett D. et al. Assessment of mitral regurgitation severity by Doppler color flow mapping of the vena contracta // Circulation. - 1997. - Vol. 95. - P. 636-642.
22. Heinle S. K., Hall S. A., Brickner E. et al. Comparison of vena contracta width by multiplane transesophageal echocardiography with quantitative Doppler assessment of mitral regurgitation // Amer. J. Cardiol. - 1998. - Vol. 81. - P. 175-179.
23. Lewis J., Kuo L., Nelson J. et al. Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic determination of stroke volume and cardiac output: clinical of two new methods using the apical window // Circulation. - 1984. - Vol. 70. - P. 425-431.
24. Matsumura T., Ohtaki E., Tanaka K. et al. Echocardiographic prediction of left ventricular dysfunction after mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation as an indicator to decide the optimal timing of repair // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. - 2003. - Vol. 42. - P. 458-463.
25. McGee E., Gillinov A., Blackstone E. et al. Reccurent mitral regurgitation after annuloplasty for functional ischemic mitral regurgitation // J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. - 2004. - Vol. 128. - P. 916-924.
26. Mele D., Vandervoort P., Palacios I. et al. Proximal jet size by Doppler color flow mapping predicts severity of mitral regurgitation // Circulation. - 1995. - Vol. 91. - P. 746-754.
27. Messika-Zeitoun D., Yiu SF., Cormier B. et al. Sequential assessment of mitral valve area during diastole colour M-mode flow convergence analysis: new insights into mitral stenosis physiology // Eur. Heart J. - 2003. - Vol. 24. - P. 1244-1253.
28. Otto C. Textbook of clinical echocardiography. - Elsevier Inc, 2004. - P. 227-231, 315-354.
29. Pepi M., Barbier P., Doria E. et al. Intraoperative multiplane vs biplane transesophageal echocardiography for the assessment of cardiac surgery // Chest. - 1996. - Vol. 109. - P. 305-311.
30. Perier P., Stumpf J., Gotz C. et al. Valve repair for mitral regurgitation caused by isolated prolapse of the posterior leaflet // Ann. Thorac. Surg. -1997. - Vol. 64. - P. 445-450.
31. Perrault L., Cossette R. Facteurs predictifs de la survie apres valvuloplastie mitrale // Ann. Chir. - 1994. - Vol. 48. - P. 755.
32. Polsen J. K., Kim W. Y. Measurement of volumetric flow with no angle cjrrection using multiplanar pulsed Doppler ultrasound // IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. - 1996. - Vol. 43. - P. 589-599.
33. Recusani F., Bargiggia G., Yoganathan A. et al. A new method for quantification of regurgitation flow rate using color Doppler flow imaging of the flow convergence region proximal to discreted orifice: an in vitro study // Circulation. - 1991. - Vol. 83. - P. 594-604.
34. Rifkin R., Harper K., Tighe D. Comparison of proximal isovelocity surface area method with pressure half-time and planimetry in evaluation of mitral stenosis // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. - 1995. - Vol. 26. - P. 458-465.
35. Rivera J., Vandervoort P., Mele D. et al. Quantification of tricuspid regurgitation by means of the proximal flow convergence method: A clinical study // Amer. Heart J. - 1994. - Vol. 127. - P. 1354-1362.
36. Robert B. J., Grayburn P. A. Color flow imaging of the vena contracta in mitral regurgitation: Technical considerations // J. Amer. Soc. Echocardiogr. - 2003. - Vol. 16. - P. 1002-1006.
37. Rodriguuez L., Thomas J., Monterroso V. Validation of the proximal flow convergence method. Calculation of orifice area in patients with mitral stenosis // Circulation. - 1993. - Vol. 88. - P. 1157-1166.
38. San J. P., Yang X. S., Qin J. X. et al. Quantification of mitral regurgitation by automated cardiac output measurement: experimental and clinical validation // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. - 1998. - Vol. 32. - P. 1074-1082.
39. Schwammenthal E., Chen C., Benning F. et al. Dinamics of mitral regurgitation flow and orifice area. Physiologic application of the proximal flow convergence method // Circulation. - 1994. - Vol. 90. - P. 307-322.
40. Seiler C., Aeschbacher B. A., Meier B. Quantitation of mitral regurgitation using the systolic/diastolic pulmonary venous flow velocity ratio // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. - 1998. - Vol. 31. - P. 1383-1390.
41. Van Camp G., Carlier S., Cosyns B. et al. Quantification of mitral regurgitation by the automated cardiac output method: an in vitro and in vivo study // J. Amer. Soc. Echocardiogr. - 1998. - Vol. 11. - P. 643-651.
42. Vandervoort P., Rivera J., Mele D. et al. Application of colour Doppler flow mapping to calculate the regurgitation orifice area // Circulation. - 1993. - Vol. 88. - P. 1150-1156.
43. Xie G., Berk M., Hixson C. et al. Quantification of mitral regurgitation volume by the color Doppler proximal isovelocity surface area method: a clinical study // J. Amer. Soc. Echocardiogr. - 1995. - Vol. 8. - P. 48-54.
44. Zhange J., Jones M., Shandas R. et al. Accuracy of flow convergence estimates of mitral regurgitation flow rates obtained by use of multiple color flow Doppler M-mode aliasing boundaries: an experimental animal study // Amer. Heart J. - 1993. - Vol. 125. - P. 449-458.
45. Zoghbi W. A., Enriquez-Sarano M., Foster E. et al. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography // J. Amer. Soc. Echocardiogr. - 2003. - Vol. 16. - P. 777-802.
References
1. Бокерия Л. А., Голухова Е. З., Иваницкий А. В. (ред.) Функциональная диагностика в кардиологии. Т. 1. - М.: Изд-во НЦССХ им. А. Н. Бакулева РАМН, 2002. - С. 333-371.2. Дземешкевич С. Л., Стивенсон Д. У. Болезни митрального клапана. Функция, диагностика, лечение. - М.: Гэотар Медицина, 2000. - С. 11-109.
3. Митьков В. В., Сандрикова В. А. Клиническое руководство по ультразвуковой диагностике. Т. V. - М.: Видар, 1998. - С. 86-119.
4. Скопин И. И., Мироненко В. А., Перепилица А. А. Новый вариант хирургического воздействия при дилатационной кардиомиопатии: сближение папиллярных мышц и редукция полости левого желудочка петлей РТFЕ, аннулопластика митрального и трикуспидального клапанов // Грудная и серд.-сосуд. хир. - 2005. - № 4. - С. 65-67
5. Фейгенбаум Х. Эхокардиография. - М.: Видар, 1999. - С. 177-233.
6. Bargiggia G., Tronconi L., Sahn D. et al. A new method for quantitation of mitral regurgitation based on color flow Doppler imaging of flow convergence proximal to regurgitation orifice // Circulation. - 1991. - Vol. 84. - P. 1481-1489.
7. Baumgartner H., Schima H., Kuhn P. Value and limitatios of proximal jet dimensions for the quantitation of valvular regurgitation // Circulation. - 1993. - Vol. 87. - P. 841-848.
8. Boon N., Bloomfield P. Medical management of valve heart disease // Ibid. - 2002. - Vol. 87. - P. 395-400.
9. Breithardt O. A., Sinha A. M., Schwammenthal E. et al. Acute effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on functional mitral regurgitation in advanced systolic heart failure // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. - 2003. - Vol. 41. - P. 765-770.
10. Burwash I., Blackmore G., Koilpillari C. Usefulness of left atrial and left ventricular chambers sizes as predictors of the severity mitral regurgitation // Amer. J. Cardiol. - 1992. - Vol. 70. - P. 774-779.
11. Castello R., Lenzen P., Aguirre F. et al. Quantitation of mitral regurgitation by transesophageal echocardiography with Doppler color flow mapping: Correlation with cardiac catheterization // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. - 1992. - Vol. 19. - P. 1516-1521.
12. Chen C., Koschyk D., Brockhoff C. et al. Noninvasive estimation of regurgitation flow rate and volume in patients with mitral regurgitation by Doppler color mapping of accelerating flow field // Ibid. - 1993. - Vol. 21. -P. 374-383.
13. Eguchi K., Ohtaki E., Matsumura T. et al. Pre-operative atrial fibrillation as the key determinant of outcome mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation // Eur. Heart J. - 2005. - Vol. 26. - P. 1866-1872.
14. Enriquez-Sarano M., Miller F., Haynes S. et al. Effective mitral regurgitation orifice area: clinical use and pitfalls of the proximal isovelocity surfase area method // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. - 1995. - Vol. 25. - P. 703-709.
15. Enriquez-Sarano M., Schaff H., Frye R. L. Mitral regurgitation: what cause the leakage is fundamental to the outcome of valve repair // Circulation. - 2003. - Vol. 108. - P. 253-256.
16. Enriquez-Sarano M., Sinak L., Tajik A. et al. Changes in effective regurgitation orifice throughout systole in patients with mitral valve prolapse. A clinical study using proximal isovelocity surfase area method // Circulation. - 1995. - Vol. 92. - P. 2951-2958.
17. Giga V., Ostojic M., Vujisic-Tesic B. et al. Exerciseindused changes in mitral regurgitation in patients with prior myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction: relation to mitral deformation and left ventricular function and shape // Eur. Heart J. - 2005. - Vol. 26. - P. 1860-1865.
18. Gottdiener J. S., Panza J. A., John S. M. et al. Testing the test: the reliability of echocardiography in the sequential assessment of valvular regurgitation // Amer. Heart J. - 2002. - Vol. 144. - P. 115-121.
19. Grigioni F., Enriquez-Sarano M., Zehr K. J. et al. Ischemic mitral regurgitation: long-term outcome and prognostic implications with quantitative Doppler assessment // Circulation. - 2001. - Vol. 103. - P. 1759-1764.
20. Grossman G., Giesler M., Schmidt A. et al. Quantification of mitral regurgitation - comparison of the proximal convergence method and the jet area method // Clin. Cardiol. - 1995. - Vol. 18. - P. 512-518.
21. Hall S., Brickner E., Willett D. et al. Assessment of mitral regurgitation severity by Doppler color flow mapping of the vena contracta // Circulation. - 1997. - Vol. 95. - P. 636-642.
22. Heinle S. K., Hall S. A., Brickner E. et al. Comparison of vena contracta width by multiplane transesophageal echocardiography with quantitative Doppler assessment of mitral regurgitation // Amer. J. Cardiol. - 1998. - Vol. 81. - P. 175-179.
23. Lewis J., Kuo L., Nelson J. et al. Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic determination of stroke volume and cardiac output: clinical of two new methods using the apical window // Circulation. - 1984. - Vol. 70. - P. 425-431.
24. Matsumura T., Ohtaki E., Tanaka K. et al. Echocardiographic prediction of left ventricular dysfunction after mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation as an indicator to decide the optimal timing of repair // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. - 2003. - Vol. 42. - P. 458-463.
25. McGee E., Gillinov A., Blackstone E. et al. Reccurent mitral regurgitation after annuloplasty for functional ischemic mitral regurgitation // J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. - 2004. - Vol. 128. - P. 916-924.
26. Mele D., Vandervoort P., Palacios I. et al. Proximal jet size by Doppler color flow mapping predicts severity of mitral regurgitation // Circulation. - 1995. - Vol. 91. - P. 746-754.
27. Messika-Zeitoun D., Yiu SF., Cormier B. et al. Sequential assessment of mitral valve area during diastole colour M-mode flow convergence analysis: new insights into mitral stenosis physiology // Eur. Heart J. - 2003. - Vol. 24. - P. 1244-1253.
28. Otto C. Textbook of clinical echocardiography. - Elsevier Inc, 2004. - P. 227-231, 315-354.
29. Pepi M., Barbier P., Doria E. et al. Intraoperative multiplane vs biplane transesophageal echocardiography for the assessment of cardiac surgery // Chest. - 1996. - Vol. 109. - P. 305-311.
30. Perier P., Stumpf J., Gotz C. et al. Valve repair for mitral regurgitation caused by isolated prolapse of the posterior leaflet // Ann. Thorac. Surg. -1997. - Vol. 64. - P. 445-450.
31. Perrault L., Cossette R. Facteurs predictifs de la survie apres valvuloplastie mitrale // Ann. Chir. - 1994. - Vol. 48. - P. 755.
32. Polsen J. K., Kim W. Y. Measurement of volumetric flow with no angle cjrrection using multiplanar pulsed Doppler ultrasound // IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. - 1996. - Vol. 43. - P. 589-599.
33. Recusani F., Bargiggia G., Yoganathan A. et al. A new method for quantification of regurgitation flow rate using color Doppler flow imaging of the flow convergence region proximal to discreted orifice: an in vitro study // Circulation. - 1991. - Vol. 83. - P. 594-604.
34. Rifkin R., Harper K., Tighe D. Comparison of proximal isovelocity surface area method with pressure half-time and planimetry in evaluation of mitral stenosis // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. - 1995. - Vol. 26. - P. 458-465.
35. Rivera J., Vandervoort P., Mele D. et al. Quantification of tricuspid regurgitation by means of the proximal flow convergence method: A clinical study // Amer. Heart J. - 1994. - Vol. 127. - P. 1354-1362.
36. Robert B. J., Grayburn P. A. Color flow imaging of the vena contracta in mitral regurgitation: Technical considerations // J. Amer. Soc. Echocardiogr. - 2003. - Vol. 16. - P. 1002-1006.
37. Rodriguuez L., Thomas J., Monterroso V. Validation of the proximal flow convergence method. Calculation of orifice area in patients with mitral stenosis // Circulation. - 1993. - Vol. 88. - P. 1157-1166.
38. San J. P., Yang X. S., Qin J. X. et al. Quantification of mitral regurgitation by automated cardiac output measurement: experimental and clinical validation // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. - 1998. - Vol. 32. - P. 1074-1082.
39. Schwammenthal E., Chen C., Benning F. et al. Dinamics of mitral regurgitation flow and orifice area. Physiologic application of the proximal flow convergence method // Circulation. - 1994. - Vol. 90. - P. 307-322.
40. Seiler C., Aeschbacher B. A., Meier B. Quantitation of mitral regurgitation using the systolic/diastolic pulmonary venous flow velocity ratio // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. - 1998. - Vol. 31. - P. 1383-1390.
41. Van Camp G., Carlier S., Cosyns B. et al. Quantification of mitral regurgitation by the automated cardiac output method: an in vitro and in vivo study // J. Amer. Soc. Echocardiogr. - 1998. - Vol. 11. - P. 643-651.
42. Vandervoort P., Rivera J., Mele D. et al. Application of colour Doppler flow mapping to calculate the regurgitation orifice area // Circulation. - 1993. - Vol. 88. - P. 1150-1156.
43. Xie G., Berk M., Hixson C. et al. Quantification of mitral regurgitation volume by the color Doppler proximal isovelocity surface area method: a clinical study // J. Amer. Soc. Echocardiogr. - 1995. - Vol. 8. - P. 48-54.
44. Zhange J., Jones M., Shandas R. et al. Accuracy of flow convergence estimates of mitral regurgitation flow rates obtained by use of multiple color flow Doppler M-mode aliasing boundaries: an experimental animal study // Amer. Heart J. - 1993. - Vol. 125. - P. 449-458.
45. Zoghbi W. A., Enriquez-Sarano M., Foster E. et al. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography // J. Amer. Soc. Echocardiogr. - 2003. - Vol. 16. - P. 777-802.
