Гипергликемия как независимый фактор риска осложнений и смерти у пациентов, подвергающихся сердечной хирургии. Современные методы диагностики и коррекции
Download
2. Anthony, P. F. Continuous insulin infusion reduces mortality in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting / P. F. Anthony, Guangqiang, L. G. Gary et al. // Ibid. – 2003. – Vol. 125. – P. 1007–1021.
3. American Diabetes Association // Diabetes Care. – 2002. – Vol. 25, № 1. – P. 33–49.
4. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1991 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery). ACC/AHA Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery // JACC. – 1999. – Vol. 34. – P. 1262–1347.
5. Bode, B. W. Continuous glucose monitoring used to adjust diabetes therapy improves glycosylated hemoglobin: a pilot study / B. W. Bode, T. M. Gross, K. R.Thornton et al. // Diabet. Res. Clin. Practice. – 1999. – Vol. 46. – P. 183–190.
6. Bode B. W., Wainstein J., Gross T. M. et al. // Postgr. Med. – 2002. – Vol. 111, № 5. – P. 69–77.
7. Brunkhorst, F. M. Blood glucose measurements in the critically ill: more than just a blood draw / F. M. Brunkhorst, H. G. Wahl // Crit. Care. – 2006. – Vol. 10, № 6. – P. 178.
8. Caplin, N. J. Subutaneous glucose sensor values closely parallel blood glucose during insulin-induced hypoglycemia / N. J. Caplin, P. O’Leary, M. Bulsara et al. // Diabet. Med. – 2003. – Vol. 20. – P. 238–241.
9. Chetty, V. T. The effect of continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring (CGMS) versus intermittent whole blood finger-stick glucose monitoring (SBGM) on hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c) levels in Type I diabetic patients: A systematic review / V. T. Chetty, А. Almulla, A. Odueyungbo, L. Thabane // Diabet. Res. Clin. Pract. – 2008. – Vol. 81. – P. 79–87.
10. DCCT Research Group // N. Engl. J .Med. – 1993. – Vol. 329, № 14. – P. 977–986.
11. DCCT Research Group // JAMA. – 1997. – Vol. 277, № 5. – P. 374–375.
12. Dellinger, R. P. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008 / R. P. Dellinger, M. M. Levy, J. M. Carlet et al. // Crit. Care Med. – 2008. – Vol. 36, № 1. – P. 1394–1396.
13. Derr, R. Is HbA1c affected by glycemic instability? / R. Derr, E. Garrett, G. Stacy et al. // Diabet. Care. – 2003. – Vol. 26, № 10. – P. 2728–2733.
14. Doenst, T. Hyperglycemia during cardiopulmonary bypass is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery / T. Doenst, D. Wijeysundera, K. Karkouti et al. // J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. – 2005. – Vol. 130. – P. 1144–1150.
15. Dzavik, V. Long-term survival in 11,661 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease in the era of stenting: a report from the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH) Investigators / V. Dzavik, W. A. Ghali, С. Norris et al. // Amer. Heart J. – 2001. – Vol. 142. – P. 119–126.
16. Ellmerer, M. Clinical evaluation of alternative-site glucose measurements in patients after major cardiac surgery / M. Ellmerer, M. Haluzik, J. Blaha et al. // Diabet. Care. – 2006. – Vol. 29. – P. 1275–1281.
17. Estrada, C. A. Outcomes and perioperative hyperglycemia in patients with or without diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting / C. A. Estrada, J. A. Young, L. W. Nifong, W. R. Chitwood // Ann. Thorac. Surg. – 2003. – Vol. 75. – Vol. 1392–1399.
18. Feit, F. Long-term clinical outcome in the bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation registry: comparison with the randomized trial / F. Feit, M. M. Brooks, G. Sopko // Circulation. – 2000. – Vol. 101. – P. 2795–802.
19. Finney, S. J. Glucose control and mortality in сritically ill patients / S. J. Finney, C. Zekveld, A. Elia, T. W. Evans // JAMA. – 2003. – Vol. 290. – P. 2041–2047.
20. Furnary, A. P. Continuous intravenous insulin infusion reduces the incidence of deep sternal wound infection in diabetic patients after cardiac surgical procedures / A. P. Furnary, K. J. Zerr, G. L. Grunkemeier et al. // Ann. Thorac. Surg. – 1999. – Vol. 67. – P. 352–362.
21. Furnary, A. P. Continuous insulin infusion reduces mortality in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting / A. P. Furnary, G. Gao, G. L. Grunkemeier et al. // J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. – 2003. – Vol. 125. – P. 1007–1021.
22. Goldberg, P. A. Experience with the continuous glucose monitoring system in a medical intensive care unit / P. A. Goldberg, M. D. Siegel, R. R. Russell et al. // Diabet. Technol. Ther. – 2004. – Vol. 6. – P. 339–347.
23. Gross, T. M. Performance evaluation of the minimed continuous glucose monitoring system during patient home use / T. M. Gross, B. W. Bode, Einhorn D. et al. // Ibid. – 2000. – Vol. 2. – P. 49–56.
24. Corstjens, A. M. Accuracy and feasibility of point-ofcare and continuous blood glucose analysis in critically ill ICU patients / A. M. Corstjens, J. J. M. Ligtenberg, I. C. C. Van der Horst, R. Spanjersberg // Crit. Care. – 2006. – Vol. 10. – P. R135.
25. Hannan, E. L. Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery / E. L. Hannan, C. Wu, R. S. Smith et al. // Circulation. – 2007. – Vol. 116. – P. 1145–1152.
26. Hovorka, R. Continuous glucose monitoring and closed-loop systems / R. Hovorka // Diabet. Met. – 2006. – Vol. 23. – P. 1–12.
27. Ingles, C. Strict blood glucose control with insulin during intensive care after cardiac surgery: impact on 4-years survival, dependency on medical acre, and quality-of-life / C. Ingles, Y. Debaveye, L. Milants et al. // Eur. Heart J. – 2006. – Vol. 10. – P. 1093–102.
28. Jessen, M. E. Glucose control during cardiac surgery: How sweet it is / M. E. Jessen // J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. – 2003. – Vol. 125. – P. 985–987.
29. Kaufman, F. R. A pilot study of the continuous glucose monitoring system: clinical decisions and glycemic control after its use in pediatric type I diabetic subjects / F. R. Kaufman, L. C. Gibson, M. Halvorson et al. // Diabet. Care. – 2001. – Vol. 24, № 12. – P. 2030.
30. Klonoff, D. C. Continuous glucose monitoring / D. C. Klonoff // Ibid. – 2005. – Vol. 28. –P. 1231–1239.
31. Klonoff, D. C. Continuous glucose monitoring technology delivers detailed diabetes data / D. C. Klonoff // J. Near-Patient Testing & Technology. – 2006. – Vol. 5, № 3. – P. 105–111.
32. Kovatchev, B. Comparison of the numerical and clinical accuracy of four continuous glucose monitors / B. Kovatchev, S. Anderson, L. Heinemann, W. Clarke // Diabet. Care. – 2008. – Vol. 31 (Abstr.). – P. 1160–1164.
33. Krinsley, J. S. Association between hyperglycemia and increased hospital mortality in a heterogeneous population of critically ill patients / J. S. Krinsley // Mayo Clin. Proc. – 2003. – Vol. 78, № 12. – P. 1471–1478.
34. Krinsley, J. S. Effect of an intensive glucose management protocol on the mortality of critically ill adult patients / J. S. Krinsley // Ibid. – 2004. – Vol. 79. – P. 992–1000.
35. Langley, J. Insulin-based regimens decrease mortality rates in critically ill patients: a systematic review / J. Langley, G. G. Adams // Diabet. Metab. Res. Rev. – 2006. – Vol. 23, № 3. – P. 184–192.
36. Lazar, H. L. Glucose-insulin-potassium solutions improve outcomes in diabetics who have coronary artery operations / H. L. Lazar, S. R. Chipkin, G. Philippides et al. // Ann. Thorac. Surg. – 2000. – Vol. 70. – P. 145–150.
37. Lazar, H. L. Tight glycemic control in diabetic coronary artery bypass graft patients improves perioperative outcomes and decreases recurrent ischemic events / H. L. Lazar, S. R. Chipkin, C. A. Fitzgerald et al. // Circulation. – 2004. – Vol. 109. – P. 1497–1502.
38. Lewis, K. Intensive insulin therapy for critically ill patients / K. Lewis, S. Kane, M. Bobek et al. // Ann. Pharmacother. – 2004. – Vol. 38, № 37. – P. 1243–1251.
39. Ludvigsson, J. Continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring improved metabolic control in pediatric patients with type I diabetes: a controlled crossover study / J. Ludvigsson, R. Hanas // Pediatrics. – 2003. – Vol. 111, № 5. – P. 933–938.
40. McMullin, J. Lowering of glucose in critical care: a randomized pilot trial / J. McMullin, J. Brozek, E. McDonald et al. // J. Crit. Care. – 2007. – Vol. 22, № 2. – P. 112–118.
41. Nadziakiewicz, P. Postoperative hyperglycaemia – a marker of increased risk of complication or death in non-diabetic patients following coronary artery surgery / P. Nadziakiewicz, P. Knapik, E. Urbanska et al. // Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. – 2007. – Vol. 24. – P. 39–47.
42. Niles, N. W. Survival of patients with diabetes and ultivessel coronary artery disease after surgical or percutaneous coronary revascularization: results from a large regional prospective study / N. W. Niles, P. D. McGrath, D. Malenka et al. // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. – 2001. – Vol. 37. – P. 100S–115S.
43. Ouattara, A. Poor intraoperative blood glucose control is associated with a worsened hospital outcome after cardiac surgery in diabetic patients / A. Ouattara, P. Lecomte, Y. Le Manach et al. // Anesthesiology. – 2005. – Vol. 103. – P. 687–694.
44. Piper, H. G. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring in pediatric patients during and after cardiac surgery / H. G. Piper, J. L. Alexander, A. Shukla et al. // Pediatrics. – 2006. – Vol. 118. – P. 1176–1184.
45. Puskas, F. Intraoperative hyperglycemia and cognitive decline after CABG / F. Puskas, H. P. Grocott, W. D. White et al. // Ann. Thorac. Surg. – 2007. – Vol. 84. – P. 1467–1473.
46. Satish, G. Improvement in glycemic excursions with a transcutaneous, real-time continuous glucose sensor / G. Satish, Z. Howard, S. Sherwyn et al. // Diabet. Care. – 2006. – Vol. 29. – P. 44–50.
47. Shroyer, A. L. The 1996 coronary artery bypass risk model: the Society of thoracic Surgeons Adult cardiac national database / A. L. Shroyer, M. E. Plomondon, F. L. Grover, F. H. Edwards // Ann. Thorac. Surg. – 1999. – Vol. 67. – P. 1205–1208.
48. Steil, G. M. Accurate determination of plasma glucose during hyper- and hypoglycaemia with a subcutaneous glucose sensor / G. M. Steil, B. Bernaba, M. Saad et al. // Diabetes. – 2000. – Vol. 49, № 1. – P. 510–514.
49. Szabo, Z. Effects of high-dose glucose-insulin-potassium on myocardial metabolism after coronary surgery in patients with type II diabetes / Z. Szabo, H. Arnqvist, E. Hakanson et al. // Clin. Sci. (Lond.). – 2001. – Vol. 101, № 1. – P. 37–43.
50. Thourani, V. H. Influence of diabetes mellitus on early and late outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting / V. H. Thourani, W. S. Weintraub, B. Stein et al. // Ann. Thorac. Surg. – 1999. – Vol. 67. – P. 1045–1052.
51. Toft, P. Intensive insulin therapy to non-cardiac ICU patients: a prospective study / P. Toft, H. S. Jorgensen, E. Toennesen, C. Christiansen // Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. – 2006. – Vol. 23. – P. 705–709.
52. Umpierrez, G. E. Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes / G. E. Umpierrez, S. D. Isaacs, N. Bazargan et al. // J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. – 2002. – Vol. 87, № 3. – P. 978–982.
53. Van den Berghe, G. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients / G. Van den Berghe, P. Wouters, F. Weekers et al. // Engl. J. Med. – 2001. – Vol. 345. – P. 1359–1367.
54. Van den Berghe, G. Outcome benefit of intensive insulin therapy in critically ill: insulin dose versus glycemic control / G. Van den Berghe, P. J. Wouters, R. Boruillon et al. // Crit. Care Med. – 2003. – Vol. 31. – P. 359–366.
55. Van den Berghe, G. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU / G. Van den Berghe, A. Wilmer, G. Hermans et al. // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2006. – Vol. 354, № 5. – P. 449–461.
56. Vriesendorp, T. M. The use of two continuous glucose sensors during and after surgery / T. M. Vriesendorp, J. H. DeVries, F. Holleman et al. // Diabet. Technol. Ther. – 2005. – Vol. 7, № 2. – P. 315–322.
57. Wilson, M. Intensive insulin therapy in critical care / M. Wilson, M. Weinreb et al. // Diabet. Care. – 2007. – Vol. 30, № 4. – P. 1005–1011.
58. Yamashita, K. The accuracy of a continuous blood glucose monitor during surgery / K. Yamashita, T. Okabayashi, T. Yokoyama et al. // Anesth. Analg. – 2008. – Vol. 106. – P. 160–163.
References
1. Alessandro, C. Strict glycemic control reduces EuroSCORE expected mortality in diabetic patients undergoing myocardial revascularization / C. Alessandro, P. Leprince, J. L. Golmard et al. // J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. – 2007. – Vol. 134. – P. 29–37.2. Anthony, P. F. Continuous insulin infusion reduces mortality in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting / P. F. Anthony, Guangqiang, L. G. Gary et al. // Ibid. – 2003. – Vol. 125. – P. 1007–1021.
3. American Diabetes Association // Diabetes Care. – 2002. – Vol. 25, № 1. – P. 33–49.
4. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1991 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery). ACC/AHA Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery // JACC. – 1999. – Vol. 34. – P. 1262–1347.
5. Bode, B. W. Continuous glucose monitoring used to adjust diabetes therapy improves glycosylated hemoglobin: a pilot study / B. W. Bode, T. M. Gross, K. R.Thornton et al. // Diabet. Res. Clin. Practice. – 1999. – Vol. 46. – P. 183–190.
6. Bode B. W., Wainstein J., Gross T. M. et al. // Postgr. Med. – 2002. – Vol. 111, № 5. – P. 69–77.
7. Brunkhorst, F. M. Blood glucose measurements in the critically ill: more than just a blood draw / F. M. Brunkhorst, H. G. Wahl // Crit. Care. – 2006. – Vol. 10, № 6. – P. 178.
8. Caplin, N. J. Subutaneous glucose sensor values closely parallel blood glucose during insulin-induced hypoglycemia / N. J. Caplin, P. O’Leary, M. Bulsara et al. // Diabet. Med. – 2003. – Vol. 20. – P. 238–241.
9. Chetty, V. T. The effect of continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring (CGMS) versus intermittent whole blood finger-stick glucose monitoring (SBGM) on hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c) levels in Type I diabetic patients: A systematic review / V. T. Chetty, А. Almulla, A. Odueyungbo, L. Thabane // Diabet. Res. Clin. Pract. – 2008. – Vol. 81. – P. 79–87.
10. DCCT Research Group // N. Engl. J .Med. – 1993. – Vol. 329, № 14. – P. 977–986.
11. DCCT Research Group // JAMA. – 1997. – Vol. 277, № 5. – P. 374–375.
12. Dellinger, R. P. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008 / R. P. Dellinger, M. M. Levy, J. M. Carlet et al. // Crit. Care Med. – 2008. – Vol. 36, № 1. – P. 1394–1396.
13. Derr, R. Is HbA1c affected by glycemic instability? / R. Derr, E. Garrett, G. Stacy et al. // Diabet. Care. – 2003. – Vol. 26, № 10. – P. 2728–2733.
14. Doenst, T. Hyperglycemia during cardiopulmonary bypass is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery / T. Doenst, D. Wijeysundera, K. Karkouti et al. // J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. – 2005. – Vol. 130. – P. 1144–1150.
15. Dzavik, V. Long-term survival in 11,661 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease in the era of stenting: a report from the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH) Investigators / V. Dzavik, W. A. Ghali, С. Norris et al. // Amer. Heart J. – 2001. – Vol. 142. – P. 119–126.
16. Ellmerer, M. Clinical evaluation of alternative-site glucose measurements in patients after major cardiac surgery / M. Ellmerer, M. Haluzik, J. Blaha et al. // Diabet. Care. – 2006. – Vol. 29. – P. 1275–1281.
17. Estrada, C. A. Outcomes and perioperative hyperglycemia in patients with or without diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting / C. A. Estrada, J. A. Young, L. W. Nifong, W. R. Chitwood // Ann. Thorac. Surg. – 2003. – Vol. 75. – Vol. 1392–1399.
18. Feit, F. Long-term clinical outcome in the bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation registry: comparison with the randomized trial / F. Feit, M. M. Brooks, G. Sopko // Circulation. – 2000. – Vol. 101. – P. 2795–802.
19. Finney, S. J. Glucose control and mortality in сritically ill patients / S. J. Finney, C. Zekveld, A. Elia, T. W. Evans // JAMA. – 2003. – Vol. 290. – P. 2041–2047.
20. Furnary, A. P. Continuous intravenous insulin infusion reduces the incidence of deep sternal wound infection in diabetic patients after cardiac surgical procedures / A. P. Furnary, K. J. Zerr, G. L. Grunkemeier et al. // Ann. Thorac. Surg. – 1999. – Vol. 67. – P. 352–362.
21. Furnary, A. P. Continuous insulin infusion reduces mortality in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting / A. P. Furnary, G. Gao, G. L. Grunkemeier et al. // J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. – 2003. – Vol. 125. – P. 1007–1021.
22. Goldberg, P. A. Experience with the continuous glucose monitoring system in a medical intensive care unit / P. A. Goldberg, M. D. Siegel, R. R. Russell et al. // Diabet. Technol. Ther. – 2004. – Vol. 6. – P. 339–347.
23. Gross, T. M. Performance evaluation of the minimed continuous glucose monitoring system during patient home use / T. M. Gross, B. W. Bode, Einhorn D. et al. // Ibid. – 2000. – Vol. 2. – P. 49–56.
24. Corstjens, A. M. Accuracy and feasibility of point-ofcare and continuous blood glucose analysis in critically ill ICU patients / A. M. Corstjens, J. J. M. Ligtenberg, I. C. C. Van der Horst, R. Spanjersberg // Crit. Care. – 2006. – Vol. 10. – P. R135.
25. Hannan, E. L. Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery / E. L. Hannan, C. Wu, R. S. Smith et al. // Circulation. – 2007. – Vol. 116. – P. 1145–1152.
26. Hovorka, R. Continuous glucose monitoring and closed-loop systems / R. Hovorka // Diabet. Met. – 2006. – Vol. 23. – P. 1–12.
27. Ingles, C. Strict blood glucose control with insulin during intensive care after cardiac surgery: impact on 4-years survival, dependency on medical acre, and quality-of-life / C. Ingles, Y. Debaveye, L. Milants et al. // Eur. Heart J. – 2006. – Vol. 10. – P. 1093–102.
28. Jessen, M. E. Glucose control during cardiac surgery: How sweet it is / M. E. Jessen // J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. – 2003. – Vol. 125. – P. 985–987.
29. Kaufman, F. R. A pilot study of the continuous glucose monitoring system: clinical decisions and glycemic control after its use in pediatric type I diabetic subjects / F. R. Kaufman, L. C. Gibson, M. Halvorson et al. // Diabet. Care. – 2001. – Vol. 24, № 12. – P. 2030.
30. Klonoff, D. C. Continuous glucose monitoring / D. C. Klonoff // Ibid. – 2005. – Vol. 28. –P. 1231–1239.
31. Klonoff, D. C. Continuous glucose monitoring technology delivers detailed diabetes data / D. C. Klonoff // J. Near-Patient Testing & Technology. – 2006. – Vol. 5, № 3. – P. 105–111.
32. Kovatchev, B. Comparison of the numerical and clinical accuracy of four continuous glucose monitors / B. Kovatchev, S. Anderson, L. Heinemann, W. Clarke // Diabet. Care. – 2008. – Vol. 31 (Abstr.). – P. 1160–1164.
33. Krinsley, J. S. Association between hyperglycemia and increased hospital mortality in a heterogeneous population of critically ill patients / J. S. Krinsley // Mayo Clin. Proc. – 2003. – Vol. 78, № 12. – P. 1471–1478.
34. Krinsley, J. S. Effect of an intensive glucose management protocol on the mortality of critically ill adult patients / J. S. Krinsley // Ibid. – 2004. – Vol. 79. – P. 992–1000.
35. Langley, J. Insulin-based regimens decrease mortality rates in critically ill patients: a systematic review / J. Langley, G. G. Adams // Diabet. Metab. Res. Rev. – 2006. – Vol. 23, № 3. – P. 184–192.
36. Lazar, H. L. Glucose-insulin-potassium solutions improve outcomes in diabetics who have coronary artery operations / H. L. Lazar, S. R. Chipkin, G. Philippides et al. // Ann. Thorac. Surg. – 2000. – Vol. 70. – P. 145–150.
37. Lazar, H. L. Tight glycemic control in diabetic coronary artery bypass graft patients improves perioperative outcomes and decreases recurrent ischemic events / H. L. Lazar, S. R. Chipkin, C. A. Fitzgerald et al. // Circulation. – 2004. – Vol. 109. – P. 1497–1502.
38. Lewis, K. Intensive insulin therapy for critically ill patients / K. Lewis, S. Kane, M. Bobek et al. // Ann. Pharmacother. – 2004. – Vol. 38, № 37. – P. 1243–1251.
39. Ludvigsson, J. Continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring improved metabolic control in pediatric patients with type I diabetes: a controlled crossover study / J. Ludvigsson, R. Hanas // Pediatrics. – 2003. – Vol. 111, № 5. – P. 933–938.
40. McMullin, J. Lowering of glucose in critical care: a randomized pilot trial / J. McMullin, J. Brozek, E. McDonald et al. // J. Crit. Care. – 2007. – Vol. 22, № 2. – P. 112–118.
41. Nadziakiewicz, P. Postoperative hyperglycaemia – a marker of increased risk of complication or death in non-diabetic patients following coronary artery surgery / P. Nadziakiewicz, P. Knapik, E. Urbanska et al. // Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. – 2007. – Vol. 24. – P. 39–47.
42. Niles, N. W. Survival of patients with diabetes and ultivessel coronary artery disease after surgical or percutaneous coronary revascularization: results from a large regional prospective study / N. W. Niles, P. D. McGrath, D. Malenka et al. // J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. – 2001. – Vol. 37. – P. 100S–115S.
43. Ouattara, A. Poor intraoperative blood glucose control is associated with a worsened hospital outcome after cardiac surgery in diabetic patients / A. Ouattara, P. Lecomte, Y. Le Manach et al. // Anesthesiology. – 2005. – Vol. 103. – P. 687–694.
44. Piper, H. G. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring in pediatric patients during and after cardiac surgery / H. G. Piper, J. L. Alexander, A. Shukla et al. // Pediatrics. – 2006. – Vol. 118. – P. 1176–1184.
45. Puskas, F. Intraoperative hyperglycemia and cognitive decline after CABG / F. Puskas, H. P. Grocott, W. D. White et al. // Ann. Thorac. Surg. – 2007. – Vol. 84. – P. 1467–1473.
46. Satish, G. Improvement in glycemic excursions with a transcutaneous, real-time continuous glucose sensor / G. Satish, Z. Howard, S. Sherwyn et al. // Diabet. Care. – 2006. – Vol. 29. – P. 44–50.
47. Shroyer, A. L. The 1996 coronary artery bypass risk model: the Society of thoracic Surgeons Adult cardiac national database / A. L. Shroyer, M. E. Plomondon, F. L. Grover, F. H. Edwards // Ann. Thorac. Surg. – 1999. – Vol. 67. – P. 1205–1208.
48. Steil, G. M. Accurate determination of plasma glucose during hyper- and hypoglycaemia with a subcutaneous glucose sensor / G. M. Steil, B. Bernaba, M. Saad et al. // Diabetes. – 2000. – Vol. 49, № 1. – P. 510–514.
49. Szabo, Z. Effects of high-dose glucose-insulin-potassium on myocardial metabolism after coronary surgery in patients with type II diabetes / Z. Szabo, H. Arnqvist, E. Hakanson et al. // Clin. Sci. (Lond.). – 2001. – Vol. 101, № 1. – P. 37–43.
50. Thourani, V. H. Influence of diabetes mellitus on early and late outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting / V. H. Thourani, W. S. Weintraub, B. Stein et al. // Ann. Thorac. Surg. – 1999. – Vol. 67. – P. 1045–1052.
51. Toft, P. Intensive insulin therapy to non-cardiac ICU patients: a prospective study / P. Toft, H. S. Jorgensen, E. Toennesen, C. Christiansen // Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. – 2006. – Vol. 23. – P. 705–709.
52. Umpierrez, G. E. Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes / G. E. Umpierrez, S. D. Isaacs, N. Bazargan et al. // J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. – 2002. – Vol. 87, № 3. – P. 978–982.
53. Van den Berghe, G. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients / G. Van den Berghe, P. Wouters, F. Weekers et al. // Engl. J. Med. – 2001. – Vol. 345. – P. 1359–1367.
54. Van den Berghe, G. Outcome benefit of intensive insulin therapy in critically ill: insulin dose versus glycemic control / G. Van den Berghe, P. J. Wouters, R. Boruillon et al. // Crit. Care Med. – 2003. – Vol. 31. – P. 359–366.
55. Van den Berghe, G. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU / G. Van den Berghe, A. Wilmer, G. Hermans et al. // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2006. – Vol. 354, № 5. – P. 449–461.
56. Vriesendorp, T. M. The use of two continuous glucose sensors during and after surgery / T. M. Vriesendorp, J. H. DeVries, F. Holleman et al. // Diabet. Technol. Ther. – 2005. – Vol. 7, № 2. – P. 315–322.
57. Wilson, M. Intensive insulin therapy in critical care / M. Wilson, M. Weinreb et al. // Diabet. Care. – 2007. – Vol. 30, № 4. – P. 1005–1011.
58. Yamashita, K. The accuracy of a continuous blood glucose monitor during surgery / K. Yamashita, T. Okabayashi, T. Yokoyama et al. // Anesth. Analg. – 2008. – Vol. 106. – P. 160–163.
