Диагностические проблемы сердечной недостаточности с нормальной фракцией выброса левого желудочка
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2. Baicu, C. F. Left ventricular systolic performance, function, and contractility in patients with diastolic heart failure / C. F. Baicu, M. R. Zile, G. P. Aurigemma, W. H. Gaasch // Circulation. – 2005. – Vol. 111. – P. 2306–2312.
3. Bhatia, R. S. Outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a population-based study / R. S. Bhatia, J. V. Tu, D. S. Lee et al. // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2006. – Vol. 355. – P. 260–269.
4. Borbély, A. Cardiomyocyte stiffness in diastolic heart failure / A. Borbély, J. van der Velden, Z. Papp et al. // Circulation. – 2005. – Vol. 111. – P. 774–781.
5. Borlaug, B. A. Impaired chronotropic and vasodilator reserves limit exercise capacity in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction / B. A. Borlaug, V. Melenovsky, S. D. Russell et al. // Circulation. – 2006. – Vol. 114. – P. 2138–2147.
6. Borlaug, B. A. Ventricular-vascular interaction in heart failure / B. A. Borlaug, D. A. Kass // Heart Failure. Clin. – 2008. – Vol. 4. – P. 23–36.
7. Cho, G. Global 2-Dimensional strain as a new prognosticator in patients with heart failure / G. Cho, T. H. Marwick, H. Kim et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2009. – Vol. 54. – P. 618–624.
8. Cleland, J. G. The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP-CHF) study / J. G. Cleland, M. Tendera, J. Adamus et al. // Eur. Heart J. – 2006. – Vol. 27. – P. 2338–2345.
9. European Study Group on Diastolic Heart Failure. How to diagnose diastolic heart failure // Eur. Heart J. – 1998. – Vol. 19. – P. 990–1003.
10. Fung, J. W. Impact of atrial fibrillation in heart failure with normal ejection fraction: a clinical and echocardiographic study / J. W. Fung, J. E. Sanderson, G. W. Yip et al. // J. Card. Fail. – 2007. – Vol. 13. – P. 649–655.
11. Hogg, K. Heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function; epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and prognosis / K. Hogg, K. Swedberg, J. McMurray // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2004. – Vol. 43. – P. 317–327.
12. Hunt, S. A. ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure) / S. A. Hunt // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2005. – Vol. 46. – P. e1– 82.
13. Januzzi, J. L. Jr. The N-terminal pro-BNP investigation of dyspnea in the emergency department (PRIDE) study / J. L. Januzzi Jr, C. A. Camargo, S. Anwaruddin et al. // Am. J. Cardiol. – 2005. – Vol. 95. – P. 948–954.
14. Karamitsos, T. D. The role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in heart failure / T. D. Karamitsos, J. M. Francis, S. Myerson et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2009. – Vol. 54. – P. 1407–1424.
15. Kawaguchi, M. Combined ventricular systolic and arterial stiffening in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: implications for systolic and diastolic reserve limitations / M. Kawaguchi, I. Hay, B. Fetics, D. A. Kass // Circulation. – 2003. – Vol. 107. – P. 714–720.
16. Kitzman, D. W. Diastolic dysfunction: one piece of the heart failure with normal ejection fraction puzzle / D. W. Kitzman // Circulation. – 2008. – Vol. 117. – P. 2044–2046.
17. Kitzman, D. W. Pathophysiological characterization of isolated diastolic heart failure in comparison to systolic heart failure / D. W. Kitzman, W. C. Little, P. H. Brubaker et al. // JAMA. – 2002. – Vol. 288. – P. 2144–2150.
18. Lafitte, S. Do we need new echocardiographic prognosticators for the management of heart failure patients? / S. Lafitte // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2009. – Vol. 54. – P. 625–627.
19. Lam, C. S. Cardiac structure and ventricular-vascular function in persons with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction from Olmsted County, Minnesota / C. S. Lam, V. L. Roger, R. J. Rodeheffer et al. // Circulation. – 2007. – Vol. 115. – P. 1982–1990.
20. Lang, R. M. Recommendations for chamber quantification / R. M. Lang, M. Bierig, R. B. Devereux et al. // Eur. J. Echocardiography. – 2006. – Vol. 7. – P. 79–108.
21. Lang, R. M. Recommendations for chamber quantification / R. M. Lang, M. Bierig, R. B. Devereaux et al. // J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. – 2005. – Vol. 18. – P. 1440–1463.
22. Lubien, E. Utility of B-natriuretic peptide in detecting diastolic dysfunction: comparison with Doppler velocity recordings / E. Lubien, A. DeMaria, P. Krishnaswamy et al. // Circulation. – 2002. – Vol. 105. – P. 595–601.
23. Maeder, M. T. Heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction / M. T. Maeder, D. M. Kaye // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2009. – Vol. 53. – P. 905–918.
24. Malm, S. Accurate and reproducible measurement of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction by contrast echocardiography: a comparison with magnetic resonance imaging / S. Malm, S. Frigstad, E. Sagberg et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2004. – Vol. 44. – P. 1030–1035.
25. Maurer, M. S. Ventricular structure and function in hypertensive participants with heart failure and a normal ejection fraction: the Cardiovascular Health study / M. S. Maurer, D. Burkhoff, L. P. Fried et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2007. – Vol. 49. – P. 972–981.
26. McMurray, J. J. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: clinical characteristics of 4133 patients enrolled in the I-PRESERVE trial / J. J. McMurray, P. E. Carson, M. Komajda et al. // Eur. J. Heart Fail. – 2008. – Vol. 10. – P. 149–156.
27. Melenovsky, V. Cardiovascular features of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction versus nonfailing hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy in the urban Baltimore community: the role of atrial remodeling/dysfunction/ V. Melenovsky, B. A. Borlaug, B. Rosen et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2007. – Vol. 49. – P. 198–207.
28. Nishimura, R. A. Understanting ≪Diastolic heart failure≫ the tip of the iceberg / R. A. Nishimura, W. Jaber // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2007. – Vol. 49. – P. 695–697.
29. Olsson, L. G. Atrial fibrillation and risk of clinical events in chronic heart failure with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results from the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program / L. G. Olsson, K. Swedberg, A. Ducharme et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2006. – Vol. 47. – P. 1997–2004.
30. Ommen, S. R. Clinical utility of Doppler echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging in the estimation of left ventricular filling pressures: A comparative simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study / S. R. Ommen, R. A. Nishimura, C. P. Appleton et al. // Circulation. – 2000. – Vol. 102. – P. 1788–1794.
31. Owan, T. E. Trends in prevalance and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction / T. E. Owan, D. O. Hodge, R. M. Herges et al. // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2006. – Vol. 355. – P. 251–259.
32. Paulus, W. J. How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology / W. J. Paulus, C. Tschope, F. J. E. Sanderson et al. // Eur. Heart J. – 2007. – Vol. 28. – P. 2539–2550.
33. Pieske, B. Impact of diabetes and hypertension on the heart / B. Pieske, R. Wachter // Curr. Opin. Cardiol. – 2008. – Vol. 23. – P. 340–349.
34. Pritchett, A. M. Diastolic dysfunction and left atrial volume: a populationbased study / A. M. Pritchett, D. W. Mahoney, S. J. Jacobsen et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2005. – Vol. 45. – P. 87–92.
35. Redfield, M. M. Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic / M. M. Redfield, S. J. Jacobsen, J. C. Burnett Jr et al. // JAMA. – 2003. – Vol. 289. – P. 194–202.
36. Ren, X. Prevalence and prognosis of asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in ambulatory patients with coronary heart disease / X. Ren, B. Ristow, B. Na et al. // Am. J. Cardiol. – 2007. – Vol. 99. – P. 1643–1647.
37. Sanderson, J. E. Heart failure with a normal ejection fraction / J. E. Sanderson // Heart. – 2007. – Vol. 93. – P. 155–158.
38. Sengupta, P. P. Apex-to-base dispersion in regional timing of left ventricular shortening and lengthening / P. P. Sengupta, B. K. Khandheria, J. Korinek et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2006. – Vol. 47. – P. 163–172.
39. Tei, C. New index of combined systolic and diastolic myocardial performance: a simple and reproducible measure of cardiac function – a study in normals and dilated cardiomyopathy / C. Tei, L. H. Ling, D. O. Hodge et al. // J. Cardiol. – 1995. – Vol. 26. – P. 357–366.
40. Tsang, T. S. Left atrial volume as a morphological expression of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and relation to cardiovascular risk burden / T. S. Tsang, M. E. Barnes, B. J. Gersh et al. // Am. J. Cardiol. – 2002. – Vol. 90. – P. 1248–1249.
41. Tschope, C. The role of NT-proBNP in the diagnostics of isolated diastolic dysfunction n:correlation with echocardiographic and invasive measurements / C. Tschope, M. Kasner, D. Westermann et al. // Eur. Heart J. – 2005. – Vol. 26. – P. 2277–2284.
42. Vasan, R. S. Congestive heart failure in subjects with normal versus reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: prevalence and mortality in a population- based cohort / R. S. Vasan, M. G. Larson, E. J. Benjamin et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 1999. – Vol. 33. – P. 1948–1955.
43. Vasan, R. S. Defining diastolic heart failure: a call for standardized diagnostic criteria / R. S. Vasan, D. Levy // Circulation. – 2000. – Vol. 101. – P. 2118–2121.
44. Wang, J. Preserved left ventricular twist and circumferential deformation, but depressed longitudinal and radial deformation in patients with diastolic heart failure / J. Wang, D. S. Khoury, Y. Yue et al. // Eur. Heart J. – 2008. – Vol. 29. – P. 1283–1289.
45. Westermann, D. Role of left ventricular stiffness in heart failure with normal ejection fraction / D. Westermann, M. Kasner, P. Steendijk et al. // Circulation. – 2008. – Vol. 117. – P. 2051–2060.
46. Yip, G. Left ventricular long axis function in diastolic heart failure is reduced in both diastole and systole: time for a redefinition? / G. Yip, M. Wang, Y. Zhang et al. // Heart. – 2002. – Vol. 87. – P. 121–125.
47. Yu, C. M. Progression of systolic abnormalities in patients with ‘isolated’ diastolic heart failure and diastolic dysfunction / C. M. Yu, H. Lin, H. Yang et al. // Circulation. – 2002. – Vol. 105. – P. 1195–1201.
48. Zile, M. R. Diastolic heart failure – abnormalities in active relaxation and passive stiffness of the left ventricle / M. R. Zile, C. F. Baicu, W. H. Gaasch // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2004. – Vol. 350. – P. 1953–1959.
49. Zile, M. R. Heart failure with a normal ejection fraction: is measurement of diastolic function necessary to make the diagnosis of diastolic heart failure? / M. R. Zile, W. H. Gaasch, J. D. Carroll et al. // Circulation. – 2001. – Vol. 104. – P. 779–782.
References
1. Aurigemma, G. P. Clinical practice. Diastolic heart failure / G. P. Aurigemma, W. H. Gaasch // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2004. – Vol. 351. – P. 1097–1105.2. Baicu, C. F. Left ventricular systolic performance, function, and contractility in patients with diastolic heart failure / C. F. Baicu, M. R. Zile, G. P. Aurigemma, W. H. Gaasch // Circulation. – 2005. – Vol. 111. – P. 2306–2312.
3. Bhatia, R. S. Outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a population-based study / R. S. Bhatia, J. V. Tu, D. S. Lee et al. // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2006. – Vol. 355. – P. 260–269.
4. Borbély, A. Cardiomyocyte stiffness in diastolic heart failure / A. Borbély, J. van der Velden, Z. Papp et al. // Circulation. – 2005. – Vol. 111. – P. 774–781.
5. Borlaug, B. A. Impaired chronotropic and vasodilator reserves limit exercise capacity in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction / B. A. Borlaug, V. Melenovsky, S. D. Russell et al. // Circulation. – 2006. – Vol. 114. – P. 2138–2147.
6. Borlaug, B. A. Ventricular-vascular interaction in heart failure / B. A. Borlaug, D. A. Kass // Heart Failure. Clin. – 2008. – Vol. 4. – P. 23–36.
7. Cho, G. Global 2-Dimensional strain as a new prognosticator in patients with heart failure / G. Cho, T. H. Marwick, H. Kim et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2009. – Vol. 54. – P. 618–624.
8. Cleland, J. G. The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP-CHF) study / J. G. Cleland, M. Tendera, J. Adamus et al. // Eur. Heart J. – 2006. – Vol. 27. – P. 2338–2345.
9. European Study Group on Diastolic Heart Failure. How to diagnose diastolic heart failure // Eur. Heart J. – 1998. – Vol. 19. – P. 990–1003.
10. Fung, J. W. Impact of atrial fibrillation in heart failure with normal ejection fraction: a clinical and echocardiographic study / J. W. Fung, J. E. Sanderson, G. W. Yip et al. // J. Card. Fail. – 2007. – Vol. 13. – P. 649–655.
11. Hogg, K. Heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function; epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and prognosis / K. Hogg, K. Swedberg, J. McMurray // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2004. – Vol. 43. – P. 317–327.
12. Hunt, S. A. ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure) / S. A. Hunt // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2005. – Vol. 46. – P. e1– 82.
13. Januzzi, J. L. Jr. The N-terminal pro-BNP investigation of dyspnea in the emergency department (PRIDE) study / J. L. Januzzi Jr, C. A. Camargo, S. Anwaruddin et al. // Am. J. Cardiol. – 2005. – Vol. 95. – P. 948–954.
14. Karamitsos, T. D. The role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in heart failure / T. D. Karamitsos, J. M. Francis, S. Myerson et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2009. – Vol. 54. – P. 1407–1424.
15. Kawaguchi, M. Combined ventricular systolic and arterial stiffening in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: implications for systolic and diastolic reserve limitations / M. Kawaguchi, I. Hay, B. Fetics, D. A. Kass // Circulation. – 2003. – Vol. 107. – P. 714–720.
16. Kitzman, D. W. Diastolic dysfunction: one piece of the heart failure with normal ejection fraction puzzle / D. W. Kitzman // Circulation. – 2008. – Vol. 117. – P. 2044–2046.
17. Kitzman, D. W. Pathophysiological characterization of isolated diastolic heart failure in comparison to systolic heart failure / D. W. Kitzman, W. C. Little, P. H. Brubaker et al. // JAMA. – 2002. – Vol. 288. – P. 2144–2150.
18. Lafitte, S. Do we need new echocardiographic prognosticators for the management of heart failure patients? / S. Lafitte // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2009. – Vol. 54. – P. 625–627.
19. Lam, C. S. Cardiac structure and ventricular-vascular function in persons with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction from Olmsted County, Minnesota / C. S. Lam, V. L. Roger, R. J. Rodeheffer et al. // Circulation. – 2007. – Vol. 115. – P. 1982–1990.
20. Lang, R. M. Recommendations for chamber quantification / R. M. Lang, M. Bierig, R. B. Devereux et al. // Eur. J. Echocardiography. – 2006. – Vol. 7. – P. 79–108.
21. Lang, R. M. Recommendations for chamber quantification / R. M. Lang, M. Bierig, R. B. Devereaux et al. // J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. – 2005. – Vol. 18. – P. 1440–1463.
22. Lubien, E. Utility of B-natriuretic peptide in detecting diastolic dysfunction: comparison with Doppler velocity recordings / E. Lubien, A. DeMaria, P. Krishnaswamy et al. // Circulation. – 2002. – Vol. 105. – P. 595–601.
23. Maeder, M. T. Heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction / M. T. Maeder, D. M. Kaye // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2009. – Vol. 53. – P. 905–918.
24. Malm, S. Accurate and reproducible measurement of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction by contrast echocardiography: a comparison with magnetic resonance imaging / S. Malm, S. Frigstad, E. Sagberg et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2004. – Vol. 44. – P. 1030–1035.
25. Maurer, M. S. Ventricular structure and function in hypertensive participants with heart failure and a normal ejection fraction: the Cardiovascular Health study / M. S. Maurer, D. Burkhoff, L. P. Fried et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2007. – Vol. 49. – P. 972–981.
26. McMurray, J. J. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: clinical characteristics of 4133 patients enrolled in the I-PRESERVE trial / J. J. McMurray, P. E. Carson, M. Komajda et al. // Eur. J. Heart Fail. – 2008. – Vol. 10. – P. 149–156.
27. Melenovsky, V. Cardiovascular features of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction versus nonfailing hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy in the urban Baltimore community: the role of atrial remodeling/dysfunction/ V. Melenovsky, B. A. Borlaug, B. Rosen et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2007. – Vol. 49. – P. 198–207.
28. Nishimura, R. A. Understanting ≪Diastolic heart failure≫ the tip of the iceberg / R. A. Nishimura, W. Jaber // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2007. – Vol. 49. – P. 695–697.
29. Olsson, L. G. Atrial fibrillation and risk of clinical events in chronic heart failure with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results from the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program / L. G. Olsson, K. Swedberg, A. Ducharme et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2006. – Vol. 47. – P. 1997–2004.
30. Ommen, S. R. Clinical utility of Doppler echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging in the estimation of left ventricular filling pressures: A comparative simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study / S. R. Ommen, R. A. Nishimura, C. P. Appleton et al. // Circulation. – 2000. – Vol. 102. – P. 1788–1794.
31. Owan, T. E. Trends in prevalance and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction / T. E. Owan, D. O. Hodge, R. M. Herges et al. // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2006. – Vol. 355. – P. 251–259.
32. Paulus, W. J. How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology / W. J. Paulus, C. Tschope, F. J. E. Sanderson et al. // Eur. Heart J. – 2007. – Vol. 28. – P. 2539–2550.
33. Pieske, B. Impact of diabetes and hypertension on the heart / B. Pieske, R. Wachter // Curr. Opin. Cardiol. – 2008. – Vol. 23. – P. 340–349.
34. Pritchett, A. M. Diastolic dysfunction and left atrial volume: a populationbased study / A. M. Pritchett, D. W. Mahoney, S. J. Jacobsen et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2005. – Vol. 45. – P. 87–92.
35. Redfield, M. M. Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic / M. M. Redfield, S. J. Jacobsen, J. C. Burnett Jr et al. // JAMA. – 2003. – Vol. 289. – P. 194–202.
36. Ren, X. Prevalence and prognosis of asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in ambulatory patients with coronary heart disease / X. Ren, B. Ristow, B. Na et al. // Am. J. Cardiol. – 2007. – Vol. 99. – P. 1643–1647.
37. Sanderson, J. E. Heart failure with a normal ejection fraction / J. E. Sanderson // Heart. – 2007. – Vol. 93. – P. 155–158.
38. Sengupta, P. P. Apex-to-base dispersion in regional timing of left ventricular shortening and lengthening / P. P. Sengupta, B. K. Khandheria, J. Korinek et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 2006. – Vol. 47. – P. 163–172.
39. Tei, C. New index of combined systolic and diastolic myocardial performance: a simple and reproducible measure of cardiac function – a study in normals and dilated cardiomyopathy / C. Tei, L. H. Ling, D. O. Hodge et al. // J. Cardiol. – 1995. – Vol. 26. – P. 357–366.
40. Tsang, T. S. Left atrial volume as a morphological expression of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and relation to cardiovascular risk burden / T. S. Tsang, M. E. Barnes, B. J. Gersh et al. // Am. J. Cardiol. – 2002. – Vol. 90. – P. 1248–1249.
41. Tschope, C. The role of NT-proBNP in the diagnostics of isolated diastolic dysfunction n:correlation with echocardiographic and invasive measurements / C. Tschope, M. Kasner, D. Westermann et al. // Eur. Heart J. – 2005. – Vol. 26. – P. 2277–2284.
42. Vasan, R. S. Congestive heart failure in subjects with normal versus reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: prevalence and mortality in a population- based cohort / R. S. Vasan, M. G. Larson, E. J. Benjamin et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. – 1999. – Vol. 33. – P. 1948–1955.
43. Vasan, R. S. Defining diastolic heart failure: a call for standardized diagnostic criteria / R. S. Vasan, D. Levy // Circulation. – 2000. – Vol. 101. – P. 2118–2121.
44. Wang, J. Preserved left ventricular twist and circumferential deformation, but depressed longitudinal and radial deformation in patients with diastolic heart failure / J. Wang, D. S. Khoury, Y. Yue et al. // Eur. Heart J. – 2008. – Vol. 29. – P. 1283–1289.
45. Westermann, D. Role of left ventricular stiffness in heart failure with normal ejection fraction / D. Westermann, M. Kasner, P. Steendijk et al. // Circulation. – 2008. – Vol. 117. – P. 2051–2060.
46. Yip, G. Left ventricular long axis function in diastolic heart failure is reduced in both diastole and systole: time for a redefinition? / G. Yip, M. Wang, Y. Zhang et al. // Heart. – 2002. – Vol. 87. – P. 121–125.
47. Yu, C. M. Progression of systolic abnormalities in patients with ‘isolated’ diastolic heart failure and diastolic dysfunction / C. M. Yu, H. Lin, H. Yang et al. // Circulation. – 2002. – Vol. 105. – P. 1195–1201.
48. Zile, M. R. Diastolic heart failure – abnormalities in active relaxation and passive stiffness of the left ventricle / M. R. Zile, C. F. Baicu, W. H. Gaasch // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2004. – Vol. 350. – P. 1953–1959.
49. Zile, M. R. Heart failure with a normal ejection fraction: is measurement of diastolic function necessary to make the diagnosis of diastolic heart failure? / M. R. Zile, W. H. Gaasch, J. D. Carroll et al. // Circulation. – 2001. – Vol. 104. – P. 779–782.
