Тактика лечения пациентов с аневризмой брюшной аорты и сочетанным поражением почек
Download
2. Aburahma A. F., DeLuca J. A., Sankari B. Orthotopic kidney autotransplantation to facilitate repair of a recurrent pararenal aortic aneurysm // Surgery. 1996. Vol. 119, № 2. P. 230–234.
3. Agroyannis B., Chatziioannou A., Mourikis D. et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysm and renal artery stenosis: renal function and blood pressure before and after endovascular treatment // J. Hum. Hypertens. 2002. Vol. 16, № 5. P. 367–369.
4. Allen B. T., Rubin B. G., Anderson C. B. et al. Simultaneous surgical management of aortic and renovascular disease // Am. J. Surg. 1993. Vol. 166, № 6. P. 726–732.
5. Antonucci F., Calo L., Rizzolo M. et al. Nifedipine can preserve renal function in patients undergoing aortic surgery with infrarenalcrossclamping // Nephron. 1996. Vol. 74, № 4. P. 668–673.
6. Awad R. W., Barham W. J., Taylor D. N. et al. The effect of infrarenal aortic reconstruction on glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow // Eur. Vasc. Surg. 1992. Vol. 6, № 4. P. 362–367.
7. Baldwin L., Henderson A., Hickman P. Effect of postoperative low-dose dopamine on renal function after elective major vascular surgery // Ann. Inter. Med. 1994. Vol. 120, № 9. P. 744–747.
8. Ballard J. L., Hieb R. A., Smith D. C. et al. Combined renal artery stenosis and aortic aneurysm: treatment options // Ann. Vasc. Surg. 1996. Vol. 10, № 4. P. 361–364.
9. Ballard J. L. Renal artery endarterectomy for treatment of renovascular hypertension combined with infrarenal aortic reconstruction: analysis of surgical results // Ann. Vasc. Surg. 2001. Vol. 15, № 2. P. 260–266.
10. Biancari F., Catania A., D’Andrea V. Elective endovascular vs. open repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients aged 80 years and older: systematic review and meta-analysis // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2011. Vol. 42. P. 571–576.
11. Blankensteijn J. D., Lindenburg F. P., Van der Graaf Y., Eikelboom B. C. Influence of study design on reported mortality and morbidity rates after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair // Br. J. Surg. 1998. Vol. 85, № 12. P. 1624–1630.
12. Blomley M. J., McBride A., Mohammedtagi S. et al. Functional renal perfusion imaging with colour mapping: is it a useful adjunct to spiral CT of in the assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)? // Eur. J. Radiol. 1999. Vol. 30, № 3. P. 214–220.
13. Bove P. G., Long G. W., Zelenock G. B. et al. Transrenal fixation of aortic stent-grafts for the treatment of infrarenal aortic aneurysmal disease // J. Vasc. Surg. 2000. Vol. 32, № 4. P. 697–703.
14. Bown M. J., Cooper N. J., Sutton A. J. et al. The post-operative mortality of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2004. Vol. 27, № 1. P. 65–74.
15. Boyle J. R., Goodall S., Thompson J. P. et al. Endovascular AAA repair attenuates the inflammatory and renal responses associated with conventional surgery // J. Endovasc. Ther. 2000. Vol. 7, №5. P. 359–371.
16. Carpenter J. P., Fairman R. M., Barker C. F. et al. Endovascular AAA repair in patients with renal insufficiency: strategies for reducing adverse renal events // Cardiovasc. Surg. 2001. Vol. 9, № 6. P. 559–564.
17. Chuter T. A., Gordon R. L., Reilly L. M. et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysm in high-risk patients: short- to intermediate-term results of endovascular repair // Radiology. 1999. Vol. 210, № 2. P. 361–365.
18. Cohen J. R., Mannick J. A., Couch N. P., Whittemore A. D. Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with preoperative renal failure // J. Vasc. Surg. 1986. Vol. 3, № 6. P. 867–870.
19. Elsharawy M. A., Cheatle T. R., Clarke J. M., Colin J. F. Effect of left renal vein division during aortic surgery on renal function // Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 2000. Vol. 82, № 6. P. 417–420.
20. Fox N. D., Taylor R. S. Left renal vein ligation in surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm // Br. J. Surg. 1979. Vol. 66, № 6. P. 432.
21. Gamulin Z., Forster A., Morel D. et al. Effects of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping on renal hemodynamics in humans // Anesthesiology. 1984. Vol. 61, № 4. P. 394–399.
22. Giulini S. M., Bonardelli S., Portolani N. et al. Suprarenal aortic cross-clamping in elective abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2000. Vol. 20, № 3. P. 286–289.
23. Green R. M., Ricotta J. J., Ouriel K., DeWeese J. A. Results of supraceliac aortic clamping in the difficult elective resection of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm // J. Vasc. Surg. 1989. Vol. 9, № 1. P. 124–134.
24. Hallin A., Bergqvist D., Holmberg L. Literature review of surgical management of abdominal aortic aneurysm // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2001. Vol. 22, № 3. P. 197–204.
25. Harris J. R., Fan C. M., Geller S. C. et al. Renal perfusion defects after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms // J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2003. Vol. 14, № 3. P. 329–333.
26. James E. C., Fedde C. W., Khuri N. T., Gillespie J. T. Division of the left renal vein: a safe surgical adjunct // Surgery. 1978. Vol. 83, № 2. P. 151–154.
27. Jordan W. D., Alcocer F., Wirthlin D. J. et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysms in ≪high-risk≫ surgical patients: comparison of open and endovascular repair // Ann. Surg. 2003. Vol. 237, № 5. P 623–629.
28. Kichikawa K., Uchida H., Maeda M. et al. Aortic stent-grafting with transrenal fixation: use of newly designed spiral Z-stent endograft // J. Endovasc. Ther. 2000. Vol. 7, № 3. P. 184–191.
29. Komori K., Kuma S., Eguchi D. et al. Surgical strategy of abdominal aortic aneurysm with preoperative renal failure // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 1997. Vol. 14, № 2. P. 105–108.
30. Kramer S. C., Seifarth H., Pamler R. et al. Renal infarction following endovascular aortic aneurysm repair: incidence and clinical consequences // J. Endovasc. Ther. 2002. Vol. 9, № 1. P. 98–102.
31. Lau L. L., Hakaim A. G., Oldenburg W. A. et al. Effect of suprarenal versus infrarenal aortic endograft fixation on renal function and renal artery patency: a comparative study with intermediate follow- up // J. Vasc. Surg. 2003. Vol. 37, № 6. P. 1162–1168.
32. Licker M., Bednarkiewicz M., Neidhart P. et al. Preoperative inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme improves systemic and renal haemodynamic changes during aortic abdominal surgery // Br. Anaesth. 1996. Vol. 76, № 5. P. 632–639.
33. Lobato A. C., Quick R. C., Vaughn P. L. et al. Transrenal fixation of aortic endografts: intermediate follow-up of a single-center experience // Endovasc. Ther. 2000. Vol. 7, № 4. P. 273–278.
34. Malina M., Brunkwall J., Ivancev K. et al. Renal arteries covered by aortic stents: clinical experience from endovascular grafting of aortic aneurysms. Eur. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 1997. Vol. 14, № 2. P. 109–113.
35. Marin M. L., Parsons R. E., Hollier L. H. Impact of transrenal aortic endograft placement on endovas- cular graft repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms // Vasc. Surg. 1998. Vol. 28, № 4. P. 638–646.
36. Marlow N. E., Barraclough B., Collier N. A. et al. Effect of hospital and surgeon volume on patient outcomes following treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a systematic review // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2010. Vol. 40. P. 572–579.
37. McCarthy J. T. Prognosis of patients with acute renal failure in the intensive-care unit: a tale of two eras // Mayo Clin. Proc. 1996. Vol. 71, № 2. P. 117–126.
38. Melissano G., Moura M. R., Tshomba Y. et al. Small ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm with renal failure: endovascular treatmenta case report // Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2003. Vol. 37, № 4. P. 283–287.
39. Morgera S., Kraft A. K., Siebert G. et al. Long-term outcomes in acute renal failure patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapies // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2002. Vol. 40, № 2. P. 275–279.
40. Norwood M. G. A., Polimenovi N. M., Sutton A. J. et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with chronic renal disease // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2004. Vol. 27. P. 287–291.
41. Powell J. T., Gotensparre S. M., Sweeting M. J. et al. Rupture rates of small abdominal aortic aneurysms: a systematic review of the literature // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2011. Vol. 41. P. 2–10.
42. Putnam C. W., Halgrimson C. G., Stables D. P. et al. Ex vivo renal perfusion and autotransplantation in treatment of calculous disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm // Urology. 1975. Vol. 5, № 3. P. 337–342.
43. Shahian D. M., Najafi H., Javid H. et al. Simultaneous aortic and renal artery reconstruction // Arch. Surg. 1980. Vol. 115, № 12. P. 1491–1497.
44. Shortell C. K., Johansson M., Green R. M., Illig K. A. Optimal operative strategies in repair of juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms // Ann. Vasc. Surg. 2003. Vol. 17, № 1. P. 60–65.
45. Sugawara Y., Sato O., Miyata T. et al. Surgical results of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with chronic renal dysfunction // Jpn. Cue. 1997. Vol. 61, № 9. P. 762–766.
46. The EVAR Trial Participants. Comparison of endovascular aneurysm repair with open repair in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR trial 1), 30-day operative mortality results: randomised controlled trial // Lancet. 2004. Vol. 364. P. 843–848.
47. Upchurch G. R., Jr, Proctor M. C. et al. Predictors of severe morbidity and death after elective abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease // J. Vasc. Surg. 2003. Vol. 37, № 3. P. 594–599.
48. Walker S. R., Yusuf S. W., Wenham P. W., Hopkinson B. R. Renal complications following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms // J. Endovasc. Surg. 1998. Vol. 5, № 4. P. 318–322.
49. Wahlberg E., Dimuzio P. J., Stoney R. J. Aortic clamping during elective operations for infrarenal disease: the influence of clamping time on renal function // J. Vasc. Surg. 2002. Vol. 36, № 1. P. 13–18.
50. Welch M., Newstead C. G., Smyth J. V. et al. Evaluation of dopexamine hydrochloride as a renoprotective agent during aortic surgery // Ann. Vasc. Surg. 1995. Vol. 9, № 5. P. 488–492.
51. Wijnen M. H., Vader H. L., Van Den Wall Bake A. W., Roumen R. M. Can renal dysfunction after infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair be modified by multiantioxidant supplementation? // J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2002. Vol. 43, № 4. P. 483–488.
Abstract
To develop therapeutic approach of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and renal disorders is a challenge. Both open surgical and endovascular methods of treatment for AAA have significant risks of operative complications and mortality. Having additive comorbidities the risks increase. Renal failure is a frequent result of AAA interventions, associated with high mortality. Though, in some cases aneurism is accompanied by combined renal injuries that increase risks of postoperative acute renal failure (ARF). ARF of any etiology has high mortality ranged from 50 to 80% in postoperative period. Mortality caused by ARF is also high and ranges from 60 to 90% after the operation. Patients, survived after AAA and complicated by ARF have low risk to become dialysis-dependent (17-23%) that followed by poor long-term prognosis. Operative treatment depends on increased risk of operating complications and mortality. The presence of initial renal pathology significantly influences on the method of choice (open surgical or endovascular) treatment. Strategic activities must be done to minimize surgical risks by optimization of renal functions during and after the operation. AAA surgery is also complicated by increased frequency of combined pathology (IHD, aortic calcification and coagulopathy, caused by conditioned uremia of platelet dysfunction). We resumed the data of literature for combined renal injury and AAA in the world: frequency of occurrence, risk factors and progression, approach for perioperative case management, general complications, frequency of mortality of various categories of patients and relationship of creatine level with renal failure development. The actuality of researches, dedicated to relationship of long-term results in treatment of patients with ACF is reasoned; the algorithm of management for this category of patients is developed.References
1. Abbott W. M., Abel R. M., Beck C. H., Jr, Fischer J. E. Renal failure after ruptured aneurysm // Arch. Surg. 1975. Vol. 110, № 9. P. 1110–1112.2. Aburahma A. F., DeLuca J. A., Sankari B. Orthotopic kidney autotransplantation to facilitate repair of a recurrent pararenal aortic aneurysm // Surgery. 1996. Vol. 119, № 2. P. 230–234.
3. Agroyannis B., Chatziioannou A., Mourikis D. et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysm and renal artery stenosis: renal function and blood pressure before and after endovascular treatment // J. Hum. Hypertens. 2002. Vol. 16, № 5. P. 367–369.
4. Allen B. T., Rubin B. G., Anderson C. B. et al. Simultaneous surgical management of aortic and renovascular disease // Am. J. Surg. 1993. Vol. 166, № 6. P. 726–732.
5. Antonucci F., Calo L., Rizzolo M. et al. Nifedipine can preserve renal function in patients undergoing aortic surgery with infrarenalcrossclamping // Nephron. 1996. Vol. 74, № 4. P. 668–673.
6. Awad R. W., Barham W. J., Taylor D. N. et al. The effect of infrarenal aortic reconstruction on glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow // Eur. Vasc. Surg. 1992. Vol. 6, № 4. P. 362–367.
7. Baldwin L., Henderson A., Hickman P. Effect of postoperative low-dose dopamine on renal function after elective major vascular surgery // Ann. Inter. Med. 1994. Vol. 120, № 9. P. 744–747.
8. Ballard J. L., Hieb R. A., Smith D. C. et al. Combined renal artery stenosis and aortic aneurysm: treatment options // Ann. Vasc. Surg. 1996. Vol. 10, № 4. P. 361–364.
9. Ballard J. L. Renal artery endarterectomy for treatment of renovascular hypertension combined with infrarenal aortic reconstruction: analysis of surgical results // Ann. Vasc. Surg. 2001. Vol. 15, № 2. P. 260–266.
10. Biancari F., Catania A., D’Andrea V. Elective endovascular vs. open repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients aged 80 years and older: systematic review and meta-analysis // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2011. Vol. 42. P. 571–576.
11. Blankensteijn J. D., Lindenburg F. P., Van der Graaf Y., Eikelboom B. C. Influence of study design on reported mortality and morbidity rates after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair // Br. J. Surg. 1998. Vol. 85, № 12. P. 1624–1630.
12. Blomley M. J., McBride A., Mohammedtagi S. et al. Functional renal perfusion imaging with colour mapping: is it a useful adjunct to spiral CT of in the assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)? // Eur. J. Radiol. 1999. Vol. 30, № 3. P. 214–220.
13. Bove P. G., Long G. W., Zelenock G. B. et al. Transrenal fixation of aortic stent-grafts for the treatment of infrarenal aortic aneurysmal disease // J. Vasc. Surg. 2000. Vol. 32, № 4. P. 697–703.
14. Bown M. J., Cooper N. J., Sutton A. J. et al. The post-operative mortality of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2004. Vol. 27, № 1. P. 65–74.
15. Boyle J. R., Goodall S., Thompson J. P. et al. Endovascular AAA repair attenuates the inflammatory and renal responses associated with conventional surgery // J. Endovasc. Ther. 2000. Vol. 7, №5. P. 359–371.
16. Carpenter J. P., Fairman R. M., Barker C. F. et al. Endovascular AAA repair in patients with renal insufficiency: strategies for reducing adverse renal events // Cardiovasc. Surg. 2001. Vol. 9, № 6. P. 559–564.
17. Chuter T. A., Gordon R. L., Reilly L. M. et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysm in high-risk patients: short- to intermediate-term results of endovascular repair // Radiology. 1999. Vol. 210, № 2. P. 361–365.
18. Cohen J. R., Mannick J. A., Couch N. P., Whittemore A. D. Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with preoperative renal failure // J. Vasc. Surg. 1986. Vol. 3, № 6. P. 867–870.
19. Elsharawy M. A., Cheatle T. R., Clarke J. M., Colin J. F. Effect of left renal vein division during aortic surgery on renal function // Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 2000. Vol. 82, № 6. P. 417–420.
20. Fox N. D., Taylor R. S. Left renal vein ligation in surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm // Br. J. Surg. 1979. Vol. 66, № 6. P. 432.
21. Gamulin Z., Forster A., Morel D. et al. Effects of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping on renal hemodynamics in humans // Anesthesiology. 1984. Vol. 61, № 4. P. 394–399.
22. Giulini S. M., Bonardelli S., Portolani N. et al. Suprarenal aortic cross-clamping in elective abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2000. Vol. 20, № 3. P. 286–289.
23. Green R. M., Ricotta J. J., Ouriel K., DeWeese J. A. Results of supraceliac aortic clamping in the difficult elective resection of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm // J. Vasc. Surg. 1989. Vol. 9, № 1. P. 124–134.
24. Hallin A., Bergqvist D., Holmberg L. Literature review of surgical management of abdominal aortic aneurysm // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2001. Vol. 22, № 3. P. 197–204.
25. Harris J. R., Fan C. M., Geller S. C. et al. Renal perfusion defects after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms // J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2003. Vol. 14, № 3. P. 329–333.
26. James E. C., Fedde C. W., Khuri N. T., Gillespie J. T. Division of the left renal vein: a safe surgical adjunct // Surgery. 1978. Vol. 83, № 2. P. 151–154.
27. Jordan W. D., Alcocer F., Wirthlin D. J. et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysms in ≪high-risk≫ surgical patients: comparison of open and endovascular repair // Ann. Surg. 2003. Vol. 237, № 5. P 623–629.
28. Kichikawa K., Uchida H., Maeda M. et al. Aortic stent-grafting with transrenal fixation: use of newly designed spiral Z-stent endograft // J. Endovasc. Ther. 2000. Vol. 7, № 3. P. 184–191.
29. Komori K., Kuma S., Eguchi D. et al. Surgical strategy of abdominal aortic aneurysm with preoperative renal failure // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 1997. Vol. 14, № 2. P. 105–108.
30. Kramer S. C., Seifarth H., Pamler R. et al. Renal infarction following endovascular aortic aneurysm repair: incidence and clinical consequences // J. Endovasc. Ther. 2002. Vol. 9, № 1. P. 98–102.
31. Lau L. L., Hakaim A. G., Oldenburg W. A. et al. Effect of suprarenal versus infrarenal aortic endograft fixation on renal function and renal artery patency: a comparative study with intermediate follow- up // J. Vasc. Surg. 2003. Vol. 37, № 6. P. 1162–1168.
32. Licker M., Bednarkiewicz M., Neidhart P. et al. Preoperative inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme improves systemic and renal haemodynamic changes during aortic abdominal surgery // Br. Anaesth. 1996. Vol. 76, № 5. P. 632–639.
33. Lobato A. C., Quick R. C., Vaughn P. L. et al. Transrenal fixation of aortic endografts: intermediate follow-up of a single-center experience // Endovasc. Ther. 2000. Vol. 7, № 4. P. 273–278.
34. Malina M., Brunkwall J., Ivancev K. et al. Renal arteries covered by aortic stents: clinical experience from endovascular grafting of aortic aneurysms. Eur. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 1997. Vol. 14, № 2. P. 109–113.
35. Marin M. L., Parsons R. E., Hollier L. H. Impact of transrenal aortic endograft placement on endovas- cular graft repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms // Vasc. Surg. 1998. Vol. 28, № 4. P. 638–646.
36. Marlow N. E., Barraclough B., Collier N. A. et al. Effect of hospital and surgeon volume on patient outcomes following treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a systematic review // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2010. Vol. 40. P. 572–579.
37. McCarthy J. T. Prognosis of patients with acute renal failure in the intensive-care unit: a tale of two eras // Mayo Clin. Proc. 1996. Vol. 71, № 2. P. 117–126.
38. Melissano G., Moura M. R., Tshomba Y. et al. Small ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm with renal failure: endovascular treatmenta case report // Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2003. Vol. 37, № 4. P. 283–287.
39. Morgera S., Kraft A. K., Siebert G. et al. Long-term outcomes in acute renal failure patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapies // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2002. Vol. 40, № 2. P. 275–279.
40. Norwood M. G. A., Polimenovi N. M., Sutton A. J. et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with chronic renal disease // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2004. Vol. 27. P. 287–291.
41. Powell J. T., Gotensparre S. M., Sweeting M. J. et al. Rupture rates of small abdominal aortic aneurysms: a systematic review of the literature // Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2011. Vol. 41. P. 2–10.
42. Putnam C. W., Halgrimson C. G., Stables D. P. et al. Ex vivo renal perfusion and autotransplantation in treatment of calculous disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm // Urology. 1975. Vol. 5, № 3. P. 337–342.
43. Shahian D. M., Najafi H., Javid H. et al. Simultaneous aortic and renal artery reconstruction // Arch. Surg. 1980. Vol. 115, № 12. P. 1491–1497.
44. Shortell C. K., Johansson M., Green R. M., Illig K. A. Optimal operative strategies in repair of juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms // Ann. Vasc. Surg. 2003. Vol. 17, № 1. P. 60–65.
45. Sugawara Y., Sato O., Miyata T. et al. Surgical results of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with chronic renal dysfunction // Jpn. Cue. 1997. Vol. 61, № 9. P. 762–766.
46. The EVAR Trial Participants. Comparison of endovascular aneurysm repair with open repair in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR trial 1), 30-day operative mortality results: randomised controlled trial // Lancet. 2004. Vol. 364. P. 843–848.
47. Upchurch G. R., Jr, Proctor M. C. et al. Predictors of severe morbidity and death after elective abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease // J. Vasc. Surg. 2003. Vol. 37, № 3. P. 594–599.
48. Walker S. R., Yusuf S. W., Wenham P. W., Hopkinson B. R. Renal complications following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms // J. Endovasc. Surg. 1998. Vol. 5, № 4. P. 318–322.
49. Wahlberg E., Dimuzio P. J., Stoney R. J. Aortic clamping during elective operations for infrarenal disease: the influence of clamping time on renal function // J. Vasc. Surg. 2002. Vol. 36, № 1. P. 13–18.
50. Welch M., Newstead C. G., Smyth J. V. et al. Evaluation of dopexamine hydrochloride as a renoprotective agent during aortic surgery // Ann. Vasc. Surg. 1995. Vol. 9, № 5. P. 488–492.
51. Wijnen M. H., Vader H. L., Van Den Wall Bake A. W., Roumen R. M. Can renal dysfunction after infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair be modified by multiantioxidant supplementation? // J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2002. Vol. 43, № 4. P. 483–488.
