Preoperative assessment of the vena cavaby computed tomography

Authors: M.A. Karaseva

Company: A.N. Bakoulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery; Rublevskoe shosse, 135, Moscow, 121552, Russian Federation


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15275/kreatkard.2015.02.06

For citation: M.A. KarasevaPreoperative assessment of the vena cava by computed tomographyCreative Cardiology. 2015; 2: 63-71

Keywords: vena cava venous thrombosis diagnosis of venous thrombosis compute tomography of vena cava

Download
Full text:  

 

Abstract

Vena cava thrombosis is a condition arising from a variety of reasons, which include: hypercoagulation state, obstruction due to tumor, vein damage during surgery, trauma, inflammation or infection, as well as the appearance of a thrombus in the vena cava filter. Inferior vena cava thrombosis is one of the most severe forms of chronic venous obstruction with bad clinical course and outcomes. Modern diagnostics of the venous system diseases and their complications is based on the extensive use of various instrumental methods of Doppler ultrasound, venography, computed tomography, which plays an important role in further treatment and outcome prediction.

References

1. Nascimento A.B., Mitchell D.G., Holland G. Ovarian veins: magnetic resonance imaging findings in an asymptomatic population? J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2002; 15: 551–6. 2. Корнев Б.М., Козловская Л.В., Попова Е.Н., Фо- мин В.В. Тромбоэмболия легочной артерии: факторы риска, диагностика, лечение. Consilium medicum. 2003; 5 (5): 289–92. 3. Greco F., Zanolini A., Bova C., Serafini O., Florio M., Tamburrini S., D’Agostino F., Venneri N. Combined diagnostic approach to venous thromboembolism with multidetector computed tomography. Ital. Heart J. Suppl. 2003; 4 (3): 226–31. 4. Fazel R., Froehlich J.B., Williams D.M., Saint S., Nallamothu B.K. Clinical problem-solving: a sinister development – a 35-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 2 day history of progressive swelling and pain in her left leg, without antecedent trauma. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007; 357 (1): 53–9. 5. Jarrett B.P., Dougherty M.J., Calligaro K.D. Inferior vena cava filters in malignant disease. J. Vasc. Surg. 2002; 36 (4): 704–7. 6. Ghaye B., Szapiro D., Willems V. et al. Pitfalls in CT venography of lower limbs and abdominal veins. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2002; 178: 1465–71. 7. Luciani F., Clement O., Halimi P. et al. Catheter related upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in cancer patients: a prospective study based on Doppler US. Radiology. 2001; 220: 655–60. 8. Haage P., Krings T., Schmitz-Rode T. Nontraumatic vascular emergencies: imaging and intervention in acute venous occlusion. Eur. Radiol. 2002; 12: 2627–43. 9. Kuiper J.W., Gelleijens J., Matheijssen A.N., Teenwisse W. Radiation exposuce of multi-row detector spiral computed tomography of pulmonary arteries: comparison with digital subtraction pulmonary angiography. Eur. Radiol. 2003; 13 (7): 1496–500. 10. Прокубовский В.И., Капранов С.А., Москален- ко Е.П. Анатомические и гемодинамические изменения нижней полой вены при профилак- тике тромбэмболии легочной артерии. Ангиоло- гия и сосудистая хирургия. 2003; 19: 51. 11. Coche E., Verschuren F., Keyeux A. et al. Diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism in outpatients: comparison of thin-collimation multidetector row spiral CT and planar ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy. Radiology. 2003; 229: 757–65. 12. Matthew D., Yankelevitz D.F., Shaham D., Shah A.A., Sherman L. Deep venous thrombosis: Detection by using indirect CT venography. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2000; 216: 744–51. 13. Van Stijjen M.J.L., Monue W.De, Kieft G.Y., Pattynama P.W. et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with spiral CT as second procedure following scintigraphy. Eur. Rad. 2003; 13 (7): 1501–7. 14. Narayan A., Carmi L., McGrane S., Ahmed M. Iliac vein compression as risk factor for left- versus rightsided deep venous thrombosis: case-control study. Radiology. 2012; 265 (3): 949–57. 15. Sauter A., Triller J., Schmidt F., Kickuth R. Treatment of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis in a patient with colorectal cancer: combination of SVC stenting and IVC filter placement to palliate symptoms and pave the way for port implantation. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2008; 31 (Suppl. 2): S144–8. 16. Макаренко В.Н. Диагностика хирургических за- болеваний аорты и ее ветвей с помощью СКТ: Дис. … д-ра мед. наук. М.; 2001: 51. 17. Cham M.D., Yankelevitz D.F., Shaham D. et al. Deep venous thrombosis: detection by using indirect CT venography. Radiology. 2000; 216: 744–51. 18. Alonso-Pérez М., Segura R.J., Vidal E.D. Thrombosed aneurysm of the infrarenal vena cava: diagnosis and treatment. Cardiovasc. Surg. (Torino). 2002; 43 (4): 507–10. 19. Ghaye B., Szapiro D., Willems V., Dondelinger R.F. Combined CT venography of the lower limbs and spiral CT angiography of pulmonary arteries in acute pulmonary embolism: preliminary results of a prospective study. JBR-BTR. 2000; 83: 271–8. 20. Wallace M.J., Jean J.L., Gupta S., Eapen G.A., Johnson M.M., Ahrar K. et al. Use of inferior vena caval filters and survival in patients with malignancy. Cancer. 2004; 101 (8): 1902–7. 21. Перец В.И. Мультиспиральная компьютерная томография в диагностике и определении так- тики лечения тромбоэмболии легочной арте- рии у больных хирургическими сердечно-сосу- дистыми заболеваниями: Дис. … канд. мед. на- ук. СПб.; 2005: 9–10. 22. Kutlu R., Alkan A., Sigirci A., Altinok T., Yildirim Z. Temporary and permanent inferior vena cava filter combination in a young patient: to implant or not to implant? Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2003; 26: 492–5. 23. Mastera I., Jemy-Jardin M., Masson P., Colland E. et al. Severity of acute pulmonary embolism: evolution of a new spiral CT-angiographics score in correlation with electrocardiography data. Eur. Rad. 2003; 13 (1): 29–35. 24. Gil R.J., Pérez A.M., Arias J.B., Pascual F.B., Romero E.S. Agenesis of the inferior vena cava associated with lower extremities and pelvic venous thrombosis. J. Vasc. Surg. 2006; 44 (5): 1114–6. 25. Low G., Rouget A.C., Crawley C. Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracaval and intracardiac involvement. Radiology. 2012; 265: 971–5. 26. Fraser D.G., Moody A.R., Martel A., Morgan P.S. Re-evaluation of iliac compression syndrome using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute deep venous thromboses. J. Vasc. Surg. 2004; 40 (4): 604–11. 27. Leebeek F.W., Kappers-Klunne M.C., Gomez-Garsia E.B. Deep venous thrombosis of the arm: etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Neth. J. Med. 2000; 144: 361–4. 28. Коков Л.С., Калашников С.В. Одновременная имплантация кава-фильтров в верхнюю и ниж- нюю полые вены. Ангиология и сосудистая хи- рургия. 2004; 10 (3): 136–8. 29. Chan K.T., Popat R.A., Sze D.Y. et al. Common iliac vein stenosis and risk of symptomatic pulmonary embolism: an inverse correlation. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2011; 22 (2): 133–41. 30. Марущак Е.А., Щеголев А.А., Зубарев А.Р., Папо- ян С.А., Мутаев М.М., Жданова О.А. Ультразву- ковой контроль состояния венозного кровото- ка при хирургической профилактике ТЭЛА. Ле- чебное дело. 2013; 4: 61–7. 31. Schmitto J.D., Mirzaie M., Fatehpur S., Tezval H., Liakopoulos O.J., Popov A.F. et al. Anomaly of the vena cava inferior with paracaval venous aneurysm and renal collateralization. Vasa. 2007; 36 (2): 130–3. 32. Goodman L.R., Stein P.D., Beemath A., Sostman H.D., Wakefield T.W., Woodard P.K., Yankelevitz D.F. CT venography for deep venous thrombosis: continuous images versus reformatted discontinuous images using PIOPED II data. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2007; 189 (2): 409–12. 33. Gorman W.R., Davis K.R., Donnelly R. ABC of arterial and venous disease. Swollen lower limb. I. General assessment and deep vein thrombosis. Br. Med. J. 2000; 27: 1453–6. 34. Raebstle T.M., Zehr H.A., Kargl A., Espinolakein C. et al. Endovenous treatment of the greater saphenouse vein with a 940-nm diode laser thrombosis occlusion after endoluminal thermal damage bylaser-gennerated steam bubbels. J. Vasc. Surg. 2002; 35 (4): 729–36. 35. Hallscheidt P.J., Fink C., Haferkamp A., Bock M., Luburic A., Zuna I. et al. Preoperative staging of renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava thrombus using multidetector CT and MRI: prospective study with histopathological correlation. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 2005; 29 (1): 64–8.

Chief Editor

Leo A. Bockeria, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, President of Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery