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Osteoporosis as a risk factor for perioperative complications in elderly patients with coronary artery disease after cardiac surgery

Authors: Golukhova E.Z., Magomedova N.M., Kazanovskaya S.N.

Company: Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, 121552, Russian Federation

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Type:  Reviews


DOI: https://doi.org/10.24022/1997-3187-2020-14-4-359-367

For citation: Golukhova E.Z., Magomedova N.M., Kazanovskaya S.N. steoporosis as a risk factor for perioperative complications in elderly patients with coronary artery disease after cardiac surgery. Creative Cardiology. 2020; 14 (4): 359–67 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24022/1997-3187-2020-14-4-359-367

Received / Accepted:  20.11.2020 / 27.11.2020

Keywords: osteoporosis bone mineral density coronary artery disease cardiovascular diseases coronary artery bypass grafting sternal instability

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Abstract

Osteoporosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) are diseases that lead to significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and osteoporosis have a significant impact on the patient's condition and quality of life and, most importantly, on life expectancy compared to the general population. Currently, there is evidence that process of calcification has common mechanisms in atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. Calcification of the coronary arteries plays an important role in the development of CAD and is a predictor of cardiovascular risk and mortality. In recent years, the number of cardiac surgeries is increasing, especially the number of operations of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), in elderly patients who, as a rule, have many concomitant diseases. One of the most common and convenient approaches for performing cardiac surgery is the median sternotomy, which provides optimal access to the heart and mediastinum. However, complications from the sternum (instability of the sternum, complicated by infection and mediastinitis) occur in a significant number of operated patients. It is a very significant problem for patients and health system. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of osteoporosis is extremely relevant for this group of patients in order to reduce the risk of postoperative complications, reduce the number of repeated operations. This review analyzes the data of modern studies, evaluates the tactics of treatment of patients with coronary heart disease with concomitant osteoporosis.

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About Authors

  • Elena Z. Golukhova, Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Academician of RAS, Chief of Chair, Acting Head of Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Deputy Chief Editor of the Journal, ORCID
  • Nargiz M. Magomedova, Cand. Med. Sc., Cardiologist, Researcher, ORCID
  • Svetlana N. Kazanovskaya, Researcher, ORCID

Chief Editor

Leo A. Bockeria, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, President of Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery


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