Investigating blood proteome in relation to complications of acute myocardial infarction: achievements and future prospects
Authors:
Company:
1 Davydovskiy City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation
2 Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
For correspondence: Sign in or register.
Type: Reviews
DOI:
For citation: Kordzaya E.L., Komissarov A.A., Vasilieva E.Yu. Investigating blood proteome in relation to complications of acute myocardial infarction: achievements and future prospects. Creative Cardiology. 2026; 20 (1): 37–45 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24022/1997- 3187-2026-20-1-37-45
Received / Accepted: 15.01.2026 / 24.02.2026
Keywords: acute myocardial infarction proteome biomarkers
Abstract
The development of life-threatening complications after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a significant factor in determining the prognosis of patients. In this regard, it is important to search for biomarkers that are associated with these complications. One promising approach is to analyze the protein composition of blood (proteome), which can provide valuable information about the ongoing processes in the body in a minimally invasive manner. This literature review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the role of plasma proteins in the molecular mechanisms of AMI complications and their potential use as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets. Data were collected from scientific literature published over the past two decades using electronic resources such as PubMed and Google Scholar. The review also includes original data from the authors.References
- Salari N., Morddarvanjoghi F., Abdolmaleki A. et al. The global prevalence of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. 2023; 23 (1). DOI: 10.1186/S12872-023-03231-W
- Franco Jaime D., Moras E., Yakkali S. et al. Complications in acute myocardial infarction: navigating challenges in diagnosis and management. Hearts. 2024; 5 (1): 122–141. DOI: 10.3390/HEARTS5010009
- Ma L., Guo H., Zhao Y. et al. Liquid biopsy in cancer: current status, challenges and future prospects. Sign. Transduct. Targ. Ther. 2024; 9 (1): 1–36. DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-02021-w
- Stampe N.K., Ottenheijm M.E., Drici L. et al. Discovery of plasma proteins associated with ventricular fibrillation during first ST-elevation myocardial infarction via proteomics. Eur. Heart J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care. 2024; 13 (3): 264–272. DOI: 10.1093/EHJACC/ZUAD125
- Wilkins M.R., Sanchez J.C., Gooley A.A. et al. Progress with proteome projects: why all proteins expressed by a genome should be identified and how to do it. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 1996; 13 (1): 19–50. DOI: 10.1080/02648725.1996.10647923
- Proteome. Scitable by nature education. https://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/proteome-297/ (accessed April 20, 2025).
- Anderson N.L., Anderson N.G. The human plasma proteome: history, character, and diagnostic prospects. Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 2002; 1 (11): 845–867. DOI: 10.1074/MCP.R200007-MCP200
- Keller T., Zeller T., Peetz D. et al. Sensitive troponin i assay in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. New Engl. J. Med. 2009; 361 (9): 868–877. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0903515
- Ohman E.M., Armstrong P.W., Christenson R.H. et al. Cardiac troponin T levels for risk stratification in acute myocardial ischemia. GUSTO IIA Investigators. N. Engl. J. Med. 1996; 335 (18): 1333–1342. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199610313351801
- Antman E.M., Tanasijevic M.J., Thompson B. et al. Cardiac-specific troponin I levels to predict the risk of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N. Engl. J. Med. 1996; 335 (18): 1342–1349. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199610313351802
- Danese E., Montagnana M. An historical approach to the diagnostic biomarkers of acute coronary syndrome. Ann. Transl. Med. 2016; 4 (10): 194. DOI: 10.21037/ATM.2016.05.19
- Taylor C.J., Taylor K.S., Ordonez-Mena J.M. et al. ESC Heart Failure Association age-adjusted natriuretic peptide thresholds for a new diagnosis of heart failure: diagnostic accuracy study. Eur. Heart J. 2024; 45 (Suppl. 1). DOI: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHAE666.949
- McNamara R.L., Wang Y., Herrin J. et al. Effect of door-to-balloon time on mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2006; 47 (11): 2180–2186. DOI: 10.1016/J.JACC.2005.12.072
- Mehta R.H., Harjai K.J., Cox D. et al. Clinical and angiographic correlates and outcomes of suboptimal coronary flow in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003; 42 (10): 1739–1746. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.07.012
- Ng V.G., Lansky A.J., Meller S. et al. The prognostic importance of left ventricular function in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the HORIZONS-AMI trial. Eur. Heart J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care. 2014; 3 (1): 67–77. DOI: 10.1177/2048872613507149
- Ponce-de-Leon M., Linseisen J., Peters A. et al. Novel associations between inflammation-related proteins and adiposity: a targeted proteomics approach across four population-based studies. Translational Research. 2022; 242: 93–104. DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.11.004
- Schmitz T., Harmel E., Heier M. et al. Inflammatory plasma proteins predict short-term mortality in patients with an acute myocardial infarction. J. Transl. Med. 2022; 20 (1): 1–12. DOI: 10.1186/S12967-022-03644-9
- Elbadawi A., Elgendy I.Y., Mahmoud K. et al. Temporal trends and outcomes of mechanical complications in patients with acute myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 2019; 12 (18): 1825–1836. DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIN.2019.04.039
- Tripathi B., Aggarwal V., Abbott J.D. et al. Mechanical complications in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) based on different reperfusion strategies. Am. J. Cardiol. 2021; 156: 79–84. DOI: 10.1016/J.AMJCARD.2021.06.012
- Hou J., Deng Q., Qiu X. et al. Proteomic analysis of plasma proteins from patients with cardiac rupture after acute myocardial infarction using TMT-based quantitative proteomics approach. Clin. Proteomics. 2024; 21 (1): 1–17. DOI: 10.1186/S12014-024-09474-9
- Deo R., Albert C.M. Epidemiology and genetics of sudden cardiac death. Circulation. 2012; 125 (4): 620–637. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.023838
- Piccini J.P., Schulte P.J., Pieper K.S. et al. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy for sustained ventricular arrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction. Crit. Care Med. 2011; 39 (1): 78–83. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0B013E3181FD6AD7
- Benjamin E.J., Blaha M.J., Chiuve S.E. et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2017 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017; 135 (10): e146–e603. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000485
- Jabbari R., Engstrøm T., Glinge C. et al. Incidence and risk factors of ventricular fibrillation before primary angioplasty in patients with first ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a nationwide study in Denmark. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2015; 4 (1): e001399. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001399
- Khot U.N., Jia G., Moliterno D.J. et al. Prognostic importance of physical examination for heart failure in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: the enduring value of Killip classification. JAMA. 2003; 290 (16): 2174–2181. DOI: 10.1001/JAMA.290.16.2174
- Thiele H., Zeymer U., Akin I. et al. Extracorporeal life support in infarct-related cardiogenic shock. New Engl. J. Med. 2023; 389 (14): 1286–1297. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMOA2307227
- Thiele H., Ohman E.M., De Waha-Thiele S. et al. Management of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction: an update 2019. Eur. Heart J. 2019; 40 (32): 2671–2683. DOI: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHZ363
- Schupp T., Rusnak J., Forner J. et al. Cardiac troponin I but not N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide predicts outcomes in cardiogenic shock. J. Pers. Med. 2023; 13 (9). DOI: 10.3390/JPM13091348
- Sharma Y.P., Kanabar K., Santosh K. et al. Role of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in the prediction of outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Indian Heart J. 2020; 72 (4): 302–305. DOI: 10.1016/J.IHJ.2020.07.002
- Galusko V., Wenzl F.A., Vandenbriele C. et al. Current and novel biomarkers in cardiogenic shock. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 2025; 27 (6): 1106–1125. DOI: 10.1002/EJHF.3531
- Pang X., Shimizu A., Kurita S. et al. Novel therapeutic role for dipeptidyl peptidase III in the treatment of hypertension. Hypertension. 2016; 68 (3): 630–641. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07357
- Hashimoto J.I., Yamamoto Y., Kurosawa H. et al. Identification of dipeptidyl peptidase III in human neutrophils. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000; 273 (2): 393–397. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2827
- Gamrekelashvili J., Kapanadze T., Han M. et al. Peptidases released by necrotic cells control CD8+ T cell cross-priming. J. Clin. Invest. 2013; 123 (11): 4755–4768. DOI: 10.1172/JCI65698
- Wenzl F.A., Bruno F., Kraler S. et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 plasma levels predict cardiogenic shock and mortality in acute coronary syndromes. Eur. Heart J. 2023; 44 (38): 3859–3871. DOI: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHAD545
- Bunton D.C., Petrie M.C., Hillier C. et al. The clinical relevance of adrenomedullin: a promising profile? Pharmacol. Ther. 2004; 103 (3): 179–201. DOI: 10.1016/J.PHARMTHERA.2004.07.002
- Katayama T., Nakashima H., Furudono S. et al. Evaluation of neurohumoral activation (adrenomedullin, BNP, catecholamines, etc.) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Intern. Med. 2004; 43 (11): 1015–1022. DOI: 10.2169/INTERNALMEDICINE.43.1015
- Frydland M., Møller J.E., Lindholm M.G. et al. Biomarkers predictive of late cardiogenic shock development in patients with suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care. 2020; 9 (6): 557–566. DOI: 10.1177/2048872619896063
- Debrunner M., Schuiki E., Minder E. et al. Proinflammatory cytokines in acute myocardial infarction with and without cardiogenic shock. Clin. Res. Cardiol. 2008; 97 (5): 298–305. DOI: 10.1007/S00392-007-0626-5
- Andrié R.P., Becher U.M., Frommold R. et al. Interleukin-6 is the strongest predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock due to myocardial infarction. Crit. Care. 2012; 16 (4). DOI: 10.1186/CC11467
- Dettling A., Weimann J., Sundermeyer J. et al. Association of systemic inflammation with shock severity, 30-day mortality, and therapy response in patients with cardiogenic shock. Clin. Res. Cardiol. 2023; 113 (2): 324. DOI: 10.1007/S00392-023-02336-8
- Pöss J., Fuernau G., Denks D. et al. Angiopoietin-2 in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock – a biomarker substudy of the IABP-SHOCK II-Trial. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 2015; 17 (11): 1152–1160. DOI: 10.1002/EJHF.342
- Pöss J., Mahfoud F., Seiler S. et al. FGF-23 is associated with increased disease severity and early mortality in cardiogenic shock. Eur. Heart J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care. 2013; 2 (3): 211–218. DOI: 10.1177/2048872613494025
- Hongisto M., Lassus J., Tarvasmäki T. et al. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor improves early risk stratification in cardiogenic shock. Eur. Heart J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care. 2022; 11 (10): 731–738. DOI: 10.1093/EHJACC/ZUAC096
- Kreutz J., Harbaum L., Barutcu C.B. et al. CytoSorb® hemadsorption in cardiogenic shock: a real-world analysis of hemodynamics, organ function, and clinical outcomes during mechanical circulatory support. Biomedicines. 2025; 13 (2): 324. DOI: 10.3390/BIOMEDICINES13020324
- Robinson A.A., Jain A., Gentry M., McNamara R.L. Left ventricular thrombi after STEMI in the primary PCI era: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Cardiol. 2016; 221: 554–559. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.069
- Maniwa N., Fujino M., Nakai M. et al. Anticoagulation combined with antiplatelet therapy in patients with left ventricular thrombus after first acute myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart J. 2018; 39 (3): 201–208. DOI: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHX551
- Camaj A., Fuster V., Giustino G. et al. Left ventricular thrombus following acute myocardial infarction: JACC state-of-the-art review. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2022; 79 (10): 1010–1022. DOI: 10.1016/J.JACC.2022.01.011
- Cambronero-Cortinas E., Bonanad C., Monmeneu J.V. et al. Incidence, outcomes, and predictors of ventricular thrombus after reperfused ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction by using sequential cardiac MR imaging. Radiology. 2017; 284 (2): 372–380. DOI: 10.1148/RADIOL.2017161898
- Shacham Y., Leshem-Rubinow E., Ben Assa E. et al. Comparison of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels in patients having anterior wall ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with versus without left ventricular thrombus (from a primary percutaneous coronary intervention cohort). Am. J. Cardiol. 2013; 112 (1): 57–60. DOI: 10.1016/J.AMJCARD.2013.02.052
- Batchelor R., Dinh D., Brennan A. et al. Incidence, predictors and clinical outcomes of stent thrombosis following percutaneous coronary intervention in contemporary practice. Heart Lung Circ. 2020; 29 (10): 1433–1439. DOI: 10.1016/J.HLC.2019.10.009
- Souteyrand G., Amabile N., Mangin L. et al. Mechanisms of stent thrombosis analysed by optical coherence tomography: insights from the national PESTO French registry. Eur. Heart J. 2016; 37 (15): 1208–1216. DOI: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHV711
- Lim S., Hong S.J., Kim J.H. et al. High platelet reactivity strongly predicts early stent thrombosis in patients with drug-eluting stent implantation. Sci. Rep. 2024; 14 (1). DOI: 10.1038/S41598-023-50920-9
- Krychtiuk K.A., Braeu K., Schauer S. et al. Association of inflammatory activation with acute stent thrombosis. Eur. Heart J. 2023; 44 (Suppl. 2). DOI: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHAD655.1374
- Katayama T., Nakashima H., Takagi C. et al. Predictors of sub-acute stent thrombosis in acute myocardial infarction patients following primary coronary stenting with bare metal stent. Circ. J. 2006; 70 (2): 151–155. DOI: 10.1253/CIRCJ.70.151
- Matter M.A., Paneni F., Libby P. et al. Inflammation in acute myocardial infarction: the good, the bad and the ugly. Eur. Heart J. 2024; 45 (2): 89–103. DOI: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHAD486
- Dawson L.P., Rashid M., Dinh D.T. et al. No-reflow prediction in acute coronary syndrome during percutaneous coronary intervention: the NORPACS risk score. Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2024; 17 (4): E013738. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.123.013738
- Kojima S., Sakamoto T., Ishihara M. et al. The white blood cell count is an independent predictor of no‐reflow and mortality following acute myocardial infarction in the coronary interventional era. Ann. Med. 2004; 36 (2): 153–160. DOI: 10.1080/07853890310021553
- Sezer M., Okcular I., Goren T. et al. Association of haematological indices with the degree of microvascular injury in patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart. 2006; 93 (3): 313. DOI: 10.1136/HRT.2006.094763
- Holzknecht M., Tiller C., Reindl M. et al. C-reactive protein velocity predicts microvascular pathology after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Int. J. Cardiol. 2021; 338: 30–36. DOI: 10.1016/J.IJCARD.2021.06.023
- Huczek Z., Kochman J., Filipiak K.J. et al. Mean platelet volume on admission predicts impaired reperfusion and long-term mortality in acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2005; 46 (2): 284–290. DOI: 10.1016/J.JACC.2005.03.065
- Niccoli G., Giubilato S., Russo E. et al. Plasma levels of thromboxane A2 on admission are associated with no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur. Heart J. 2008; 29 (15): 1843–1850. DOI: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHN325
- Sgueglia G.A., Niccoli G., Spaziani C. et al. Baseline von Willebrand factor plasma levels and no-reflow phenomenon after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Int. J. Cardiol. 2010; 145 (2): 230–232. DOI: 10.1016/J.IJCARD.2009.07.046
- High baseline fibrinogen concentration as a risk factor of no tissue reperfusion in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction treated with successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17054028/ (accessed June 22, 2025).
- Niccoli G., Lanza G.A., Shaw S. et al. Endothelin-1 and acute myocardial infarction: a no-reflow mediator after successful percutaneous myocardial revascularization. Eur. Heart J. 2006; 27 (15): 1793–1798. DOI: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHL119


